Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 110

Assignment Example ment has several elements, one that stands out is that of the participation in the political process; a concern of extreme concentration of political power. The Tea Party Movement is one political movement dedicated towards criticizing the government of the day that does not deliver. They seek to follow fiscal conservatism and belief that the federal government has exceeded its constitutional mandate. In the Declaration of Independence, Pane asserts that citizens should always strive to take part in the political process because the process can be corrupted if left to time and chance. For some time now, the Tea Party Movement, a coalition of libertarians and estranged Republicans, has played an important role in the republican’s bid to control the House of Representative sometime during 2010. They are increasingly becoming a powerful political force having an effect in the election process and making sure that the House of Representatives is impacted. The movement has really had an effect during the primaries of 2010, with them voting for certain candidates whom they thought would push for their agenda. According to Kramnick & Lowi, (2009), the Declaration of Independence has numerous references that point towards the protection of the common good in the political field of the United States of America. This can be referred to as the element of the protection of the common good in a political Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 42 Assignment Example Moreover, they are trying to reduce the Sheriff’s administrative law. Robin Hood and his responsibilities. Robin Hood and his men have been responsible for the internal operations of the group to enhance efficiency and compete with sheriff. Moreover, Robin Hood has tried to ensure the availability of food for the members (Rhead 1-300). Responsibility of Merrymen. Merrymen focuses towards the new opportunities of the market in order to enrich the competitive advantages and consumer expectations. At the same time, Merrymen has changed their policy of outright confiscation of goods with the aim of fixing the transit tax of sheriff (Rhead 1-300). Weaknesses. The large expenditure has become a problem for the Robin Hood’s team due to lack of accommodation facility. Similarly, unorganized planning has exposed the weaknesses of the Robin Hood’s band during the early days (Rhead 1-300). In order to establish a plan regarding Robin Hood and Merrymen, both the leaders have a personal vendetta against the Sheriff. Thus, it can be asserted that in order to accomplish the long term goal, it will be require to establish a mutual understanding among them, which will help them to accomplish the larger goal against the Sheriff. This implies that they need a new plan for the fulfillment of the goal. On the other hand, in order to highlight the recent course action it can be asserted that by sacrificing their one arm power of attorney both the leaders can enrich their desired goal more easily. However, the collaboration or alignment can reduce the chances of risk and on contrary, it will enhance the potential for the great success (Rhead 1-300). According to the study, it has been revealed that during expanding the band’s operations in Sherwood Forest, Robin Hood would face problems regarding food. Moreover, the problems have been due to the cost of food and the purchasing power of the people.

ECE teacher's Reflection on practice Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

ECE teacher's Reflection on practice - Essay Example Theorize: The episodes with Ryan reflected the Te Whaariki principle of Relationships. Ryan was indeed responsive and reciprocated my attempts at establishing rapport with him. I also met the goals of the strands of well-being, belonging, communication and exploration. For well being, goal 2 of nurturing his emotional well-being was met as he felt safe with me, enough to go about the routines of the day. This likewise meets goals 2 and 3 of the strand of belonging. For the strand of communication, my interactions with Ryan met the goals of developing verbal communication skills as I urged him to talk about his trip and his volcano as well as the goal of discovering and developing different ways to be creative and expressive as I allowed him to express his own ideas in his sand play. Finally, in the activities, goals 1 and 4 were met. Ryan’s creative play with the sand and the tunnel he was making with the volcano was acknowledged and appreciated that he was encouraged enough t o think of expanding his ideas as he developed working theories for making sense of the natural world. In this case, it was his interest in volcanoes. Muellar Tokunaga (2006) shared that allowing children to indulge in their own imaginative play makes them more engaged in learning. Ryan’s sand play with volcanoes was accompanied by his active imaginative thinking as he came up with other ways to make his play more interesting (creating a tunnel with it). Act: I will be more attentive to Ryan and listen to his ideas. I will refrain from pushing my own ideas unless he asks for my own opinion. That way, I will encourage him to come up with his own original ideas. I will do the same with the other children and be more responsive to their needs. Brewer, J. (2001) Introduction to Early Childhood Education. Allyn & Bacon. Ministry of Education (1996) Te Whariki He Whariki Matauranga mo nga Mokopuna o Aotearoa. NZ: Crown. Muellar Tokunaga, N. (2006). Learning from very young children . The First Years: Nga Tau Tuatahi. New Zealand Journal of Infant and Toddler Education, 8(2), 44-46. REFLECTION 2 Analyse: Everyone was excited about the water play activity since it was sure to relieve the children of the heat. I know how much they loved to play with water and got excited myself of the fun they will have. However, in my zeal to let them enjoy the activity, I mistakenly suggested an activity to Jay that could be possibly dangerous not only for him but for the other children. Telling him to ride the bike with his wet body would be risky because he may slip and fall badly on the ground. Worse, he will also endanger children playing in the water in case he loses control. It was a good thing another teacher had the good sense to stop him from following my suggestion. I felt so guilty for not having thought of his and the other children’s safety even if all I wanted was for them to enjoy. Theorise: Edgington (1999) posits that children learn best in an environmen t that makes them feel secure and confident enough to develop their own ideas with open-ended experiences. They actively engage in learning by partaking of fun, play-based hands-on experiences while adults around them challenge and extend their thinking. In this case, children were allowed to explore water play. This is applying Te Whaariki’s strand of Exploration, specifically goal 4, as the play helps them â€Å"develop working theories for making sense of the natural, social, physical and

Biomechnics lab report Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Biomechnics lab report - Essay Example The change in the horizontal velocity during the braking, propulsive and stance phase are calculated. In the results the changes are summarized and the variables are presented in relation to the body weight of the individual rather than in Newtons. The discussion includes the explanation of the general pattern of the Fz- and Fy- time traces an dthe change in magnitude of the Ground Reaction Force (GRF) variables between each running speed. The paper aims to investigate the effect of increasing running speed on ground reaction force (GRF) related variables. According to the Newton’s Law of Gravitation, any two objects with masses attract each other and the magnitude of this attracting force is proportional to the product of the masses and inversely proportional to the square of the distance. The gravitational force acted upon an object by the earth is called gravity or weight of the object. Since we always have contact with the ground due to this gravity there is always an interaction between our bodies and the ground. The reaction from the ground is called the Ground Reaction Force (GRF). The GRF is important external force acting upon the human body in motion. This force is used as propulsion to initiate and control the movement. A single male weighing 74kg uninjured participant was subjected to an exercise to determine the ground reaction force. Following habituation, GRF was recorded while he was running across the Kistler Force Plate five times at 3, 4 and 5 m-s-1 10% . Following each trial during the laboratory session, a MS-Excel spreadsheet containing Fz (i.e the vertical component of GRF) and the Fy (i.e. the anterior-posterior component of GRF) versus time data and the braking and propulsive impulse were produced. From this raw data, we will need to obtain the magnitude of the following GRF related variables (shown in fig. 1) for each trial. Calculation of the changes in horizontal velocity during the braking

Cuba Music and AfricanInfluence Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Cuba Music and AfricanInfluence - Essay Example The basis of Cuban music is the music of African settlements such as Araras, Bantu, Carabaliez and Jorubas. Such settlements have preserved their authentic cultural traditions, despite the fact that they were forced to take a catholic religion. At the same time the religion Santeria had been developing and soon it disseminated through the whole territory of Cuba. This religion depicted the music of Cuba as percussion instruments are a part of religion and its worship ritual. By the 20th century the Santeria element have penetrated deeply in the Cuban pop and folk music, and into the music of other countries such as France, the USA and Jamaica. The native inhabitants of Cuba were Indians that were eradicated by the Spanish colonizers and the Indians music trend â€Å"areito† disappeared as well. Certainly, the emigrants have integrated the peculiarities of their music into the Cuba music. To the famous Cuba composers belong Esteban Salas, Robredo Manuel, and Haspar Villet. â₠¬Å"A brier look into Cuba's unique history will provide us with some insight into these recordings. Cuba's particular cultural heritage is largely the result or two horrendous examples or inhumanity- the annihilation or the indigenous peoples or the island, and the institution or the abominable slave trade which endured for almost 400 years. Spanish colonization began at the end or the 15th century. The Indians or Cuba were exploited, enslaved, murdered and practically extinct within 35 years after colonization began. This explains why there is virtually no Indian in Huence in Cuba's traditional or popular music, unlike the countries or Central and South America, where the Indian heritage has played a major role in cultural development.† (Gills... This essay approves that the double-sided aspect of Cuban music, which consists of the folklore instruments and popular forms of expression as well as more abstract and complex form known as classical music, are typical for Cuban music. Speaking about classical music it is essential to mention that due to reason of the lack of its representation to the masses and the natural complexity, classical music is ignored by all the Cubans. As the music of the people, the culture of which has rich and diverse folklore, Cuban popular music, which was made out of many popular songs and dance music, overshadowed classical music. â€Å"African slaves brought to Cuba their national culture and ritual dances. This report makes a conclusion that having researched the influence of Cuban music by the African melodies, we can make a conclusion that the slaves brought to Cuba by Spaniards had their own culture, which was originated from slavery. They created many melodies and dances and managed to influence the culture of Cuba so deeply and strongly, that new styles of music appeared and became very popular. These styles were brought to other continents and help create popular musical styles. Cuban dances represent an original mix of classical and folk dances, which are unique and deserves attention. Everybody who comes to Cuba is first of all attracted by melodiousness of its inhabitants, which was brought to them by slaves and their own culture created in the oppressive conditions. This testifies that Africans have their own unique and very beautiful culture that was recognized in the whole world.

Importance of Shipping in the Transportation of Cars Essay - 2

Importance of Shipping in the Transportation of Cars - Essay Example Contemporarily, there are easily available cargo ships to transport 300 cars direct from Emden, Germany to Davisville, RI. The company that undertakes and supervises the whole shipping process of auto cars from Germany to the U.S is Metris Limited Company. The ship used by the company in the shipping processes is of the trump category that does not operate in a specific route. The company co-owned by a German business person together with two Americans from the state of West Virginia is easily available when contracted. The company has been shipping machines from Emden, Germany to Davisville for the last two years. The request to hire their ship is made one month earlier to facilitate legal and logistic preparation. So far it’s hard to quote the price. According to the policy of the Metris Limited Company, it negotiates their prices only after seeing and weighing the loads since they impose charges based on the weight of the cars for transportation. Secondly, if you make a longtime contract with them they will always allow 10 percent discount from the total cost to the customer. Therefore, it is more economical to make a long-term agreement with them to enjoy the weaver. They also take ownership of any loss incurred during transit of the cars from Emden, Germany to Davisville, RI in America as long as you attain the legal requirements. The remaining 50 percent of the payment is made before delivery and the rest made immediately after delivery. The shipping process takes the duration of approximately two months for the transportation and delivery of the auto cars from Emden, Germany to Davisville, RI. Hence, when making an order for the shipping transportation, it is essential to consider this time factor so as to adequately plan for the timely delivery and receipt of the cars. Importation of a vehicle to the Davisville, RI has a lot of legal handles and procedures. You have to subject a vehicle to several acts like the Motor vehicle Safety standards act 1966 and the clean air act of 1968 (Hinkelmans 272). The shipping regulations in the U.S require that foreign manufactured vehicles must meet the above standards. Destruction of vehicles is the penalty charged for failure to comply with the policies.

Into thin Air and To Build a Fire Essay Example for Free

Into thin Air and To Build a Fire Essay Nature is the natural force that governs life: weather and events beyond the control of man. Nature is utterly indifferent to man. Even though man cannot control nature, man can defeat nature. However, human errors can cause nature to defeat man. The two main guides, Rob hall and Scott Fischer in Into thin Air and the Man in â€Å"To Build a Fire† errors played a huge role in their battle against nature. In Jon Krakauer’s Into Thin Air and Jack London’s â€Å"To Build a Fire†, man’s propensity to underestimate nature’s strengths and excessive pride led to nature’s victory. In Into Thin Air, the guides’ propensity to underestimate nature’s strengths was one of the human errors that led to man’s defeat. During the expedition, Scott Fischer was one of the main guides to underestimate nature. Before summiting Mount Everest, author Jon Krakauer recalls Scott Fischer stating that he â€Å"built a yellow brick road to the summit†, (Krakauer, 86). Scott Fischer’s tone shows that he is underestimating nature’s strength because he ruled out the perilous obstacles the climbers would encounter while summiting. In addition, in the story â€Å"To Build a Fire†, the man’s tendency to underestimate nature caused him to lose his battle against nature. While traveling through the Yukon, the man encountered the severely cold weather. However, he continued to travel because he believed he could defeat the weather. Jack London writes â€Å"Fifty degrees below zero meant eighty odd degrees of frost. Such facts impressed him as being cold and uncomfortable and that was all. It did not lead him to meditate upon his frailty as a creature of temperature†¦Ã¢â‚¬ , (Jack London, pg. 1). The man’s thoughts illustrates that he is underestimating nature’s ability due to lack of knowledge on the fragility of humans; humans always need to be in a stable environment. However, he believes he can survive in fifty degrees below zero temperature without facing any serious life threatening conflicts. In Into Thin Air, lead guide Rob Hall’s excessive pride caused nature to win. The expedition was full of people who were extremely prideful. Rob Hall was one of the most prideful people on the expedition. Author Jon Krakauer recalls a comment made by Rob Hall during the expedition. He states that hall â€Å"bragged on more than one occasion that he could get almost any reasonably fit person to the summit†, (Krakauer, 284). This description proves that Rob Hall is extremely prideful because he completely disvalues the risk aspects of climbing to the top of Mount Everest. Furthermore, Rob hall’s pride led to the down fall of the expedition. When Rob Hall guided everyone on the 1995 Mount Everest expedition safely, he was sure he could guide another expedition and have the same outcome as the 1995 expedition. In the end of the novel, the author states â€Å" After everyone came out of that summit attempt alive, Hall may have well thought there was little he couldn’t handle†,(Krakauer, 284). Rob Hall’s thought illustrates that his pride led to the down fall of the expedition because he did not acknowledge the fact that every expedition is different. Climbing a mountain is extremely unpredictable. He made an enormous mistake by believing from the 1995 expedition. In â€Å"To Build a Fire†, the man’s excessive pride leads him into conflict when he does not heed the advice of others who had experience similar situations. Jack London writes â€Å"All this the man knew the old-timer from sulphur creek had told him about it the previous fall, and now he was appreciating the advice†, (Jack London, paragraph 20). This description illustrates that the man, in his egotistic mind, never believed he would encounter any obstacles and disregards the old-timers advice. It is not until he encounters a hazardous problem that he truly sees the significance of the old-timers advice. In the novel Into Thin Air, man’s propensity to underestimate nature’s ability allowed nature to beat man. Scott Fischer’s comment regarding the summit allowed nature to beat man because it made the climbers lower their guards and not focus on the things that could go wrong while summiting. His comment probably convinced many climbers that climbing Mountain Everest was extremely easy and that they didn’t have put their all in climbing because they had a perfect guide who had everything figured out. If Scott Fischer had focused on things that could go wrong and made a plane, then they would have been able to defeat nature’s strengths. In addition, in the story â€Å"To Build a Fire†, the man allowed nature to beat him due to his propensity to underestimate nature. The man did not fully comprehend the mean of fifty degrees below zero. To the man, it meant only cold and uncomfortable. However, fifty degrees below zero temperature can cause dangerous life threatening problems due to the fragility of humans. If had better comprehend the real meaning of fifty degrees below zero temperature, then nature’s strengths could have been defeated and he would not have lost his life. In Into Thin Air, Rob Hall’s excessive pride caused nature to beat man. Rob Hall, the lead guide of the expedition, had repeated success at getting everyone to the top of Everest. This made him extremely proud. Over time, his pride got the better of him by making him complacent. If Rob Hall had focused on getting the clients to the top safely, then he could have beat nature. However, Hall’s excessive pride caused him to not heed the obstacles him and his clients might have encountered while climbing Everest. Furthermore, in â€Å"To Build a Fire†, the man’s pride also allowed nature to beat him. When the inexperienced man arrived at the Yukon, he decided to disregard the advice given to him. He was so confident that in could survive traveling the severely cold Yukon Territory. If the man had taken the old-timers advice and used it to make rational decisions, then he could have survived. In Into Thin Air and â€Å"To Build a Fire†, man’s tendency to underestimated nature’s power and extreme pride allowed nature to defeat man. Nature always pushes man to his limits. It is up to the man’s decisions that illustrates whether man will win or if nature will win. Man is nature’s enemy. One little human error can lead to nature’s victory.

Profiling And Investigating Serious Crimes Criminology Essay

Profiling And Investigating Serious Crimes Criminology Essay The attempt to locate an offender is one of the most important functions of a criminal investigation, geographic profiling is based on the assumption that victim selection is spatially biased toward an offenders home location. It will also explore the strengthens, weakness and the criticisms of geographic profiling. In order to do this it will critical analyse the theoretical underpinnings of geographical profiling, such as: rational activity theory; crime pattern theories. The rational activity theory is based on the idea that an offenders perceptions of the environment is very important in the decision making process. Is important to include the least effort principle, is based on the idea that an offender is more likely to act on the first or the closest opportunity. Crime pattern theory is based on the idea that an offender emphasizes the interaction of awareness of space or mental map of the spatial surroundings, and the distribution of suitable targets. According to Cohen and F elson (1979) this type of decision are not chosen randomly. This essay, will consider potential difficulties which may occur though the use of techniques in geographic profiling. It will also look at the use of statistical programmes to analyse spatial behaviour, and it will take into consideration the reliability, validity and utility of the application of this method. It will also exam the Rail Rapist case to illustrate how effective geographic profiling techniques it will be compared one of the best-known offender profiling failures in Britain which was the case of Rachel Nickell in 1992. According to Rossmo (1995, cited in Canter and Young, 2008, p.97) geographical profiling is a method through which target location patterns of serial violent offenders are used to establish spatial information about the offender, generally about the location of future offences or the offenders residence. Rossmos (1995, cited in Canter and Young, 2008) method of offender profiling tends to emphasize cases of serial nature only (i.e. murder, rape, arson, bombings). However, Ainsworth (2001, p.87) argues that: This technique will only be truly effective when the police have accurate data on each and every crime in a series. If not all crimes are recorded accurately, or are not recorded as having been committed by the same perpetrator, the technique will be much less useful. Geographic profiling can be seen as an outcome of environmental criminology, which tend to focus on how the perpetrators and their targets come across each other in time and space, this approach has little interest on the offenders motivations to engage in such activities (Bottoms and Wiles, 1992). Environmental criminology owes much to the concepts of social geography, particularly that of cognitive mapping; the process by which individuals learn about, remember and use knowledge about an area (Brantingham and Brantingham, 1984; Canter and Young, 2008). However, Rossmo (1999, p.88) indicates that this is not fully the case and proposes that: The representation is of the individuals subjective image of place (not a conventional map) and not only includes knowledge of features and spatial relationships but also reflects the individual preferences for attitudes towards places. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ The product of this process, at any point in time, is a mental or cognitive map and can be shown cartographically as a perception surface. In this way individuals store subjective information about their spatial environment; every individual has their own mental map which is developed from their childhood to adult life, as they become more experienced the more extensive their internal map is going to be. Furthermore, most offenders prefer to carry out their activities in very familiar areas and through their routine daily activities, such as: where they work, friends and family homes, where they socialize, previous home address) individuals are likely to become very familiar with their neighbourhood, in this context an offender has to know well particular area before he decided to act (Rossmo, 1998). It is clear that some types of offences happen more often in certain places and at certain times. Furthermore, Cohen and Felson (1979) suggests that routine activity theory is based on the idea of that for a crime to be committed there must be a motivated offender, a suitable target and the absence of a suitable guardian against a violation. The implication is that, the manipulation of any of these elements will change peoples behaviour and also might prevent crime. Another factor which can strongly influence crime site choices is known by psychologists as the least effort principle or known by geographers as nearness principle. The principle of least effort, might suggest that people restrict their outputs of energy, both mental and physical, the minimum compatible with achieving his ends (Martinet, 1962, p.139). For example, people tend to go to nearby shops wherever possible, and they are less likely to visit relatives or friends that live far away, this is because of the time and effort involved in the journey from their own homes to their destination. However, if people have something in particular or special to buy they are willing to make an effort to go somewhere else to get it, even if that means travel longer than usual, the same principle applies to offenders they are also willing to travel longer distances, if the reward is greater. One of the strengths of crime place theories is that it can be easily used to assist police investigations, for example, Rossmo (1995) has suggested that a careful consideration of the exact location of a series of crime can be helpful in identifying the most likely area in which an offender lives or works. The aim of geographic profiling is not to give the specific identity of the offender; instead the aim is to narrow the field of the investigation and suggest the type of person who committed the crime (Douglas et al, 1986). Rossmos (1995) work established that a computer mapping system known as Criminal Geographic Targeting (CGT), which assesses the spatial characteristics of a crime based on these principles, could indicate the area in which a serial offender is likely to be living. Rossmo (1995) indicates that the crucial constants and exponents in the decay functions on which his software is built are empirically determined. The programme predictive power is related to the numb er of crime sites, and the more sites the better. However, Rossmo (1995) does not provide full information on what the empirical basis of this determination is nor does he make it clear if the same exponent is used in all calculations. As Turvey (1999) suggests, geographical profiling, like trait analysis or future crime prediction, relies heavily on a particular manifestation of behaviour for example, offence location selection) and attempts to infer meaning from the overall emotional context. He believes that, geographical profiling cannot differentiate between two similar offenders working in the same area and might wrongly allocate crimes to the wrong person. As an implication, it can make the Criminal Justice System ineffective. Therefore, this type of technique can be only truly effective when the police have an accurate data of each and every case of crime in series. To support Rossmos (1995) arguments of the success of geographic profiling, this essay it will exam at the case of John Duffy the so called railway rapist (cited in Ainsworth, 2001, p.9). Duff had committed a series of rapes and three murders in the Greater London area between 1983 and 1986, the police resources devoted to the task of solving these crimes were enormous, yet little real progress had been made in the hunt for the attacker. Psychologist Canter (1994) cited in Ainsworth (2001) was called in to aid the police investigation, Canter had little to go in terms of where to start, yet he used a number of psychological principles and sifted though the large amount of data collected by the police. He eventually, produced a profile of the sort of individual whom he felt the police should be looking for. Canter suggested that the attacker lived in the area near to area of first crime; probably live with a woman; in his mid to late 20s; right-handed; semi-skilled or skilled job with weekend work; great knowledge of railway; had previous criminal record (maybe arrested between October 1982 and January 1984). It turned out that the offender lived in the area suggested by Canter; aged late 20s; recently separated from his wife; right-handed; travelling carpenter employed by British Rail. Canter (1994), believes that through the crime essential clues are left behind and the unique personality of the offender shows through in some ways. Thus, it is thought that the way in which the crime is committed is in part a reflection of the everyday behaviour of the individual. Ainsworth (2001, p.95) points out, that considering the case of John Duffy, we can see how a detailed knowledge of the patterns of his crimes was helpful in understanding his behaviour. Canter (1994), was able to establish that the three first crimes formed a triangle within which he probably lived. In contradiction, one of the best-known offender profiling failures in Britain was the case of Rachel Nickell. Rachel Nickell was a young woman who was brutally murdered in mid-morning while walking on Wimbledon Common in south London in July 1992. As part of the investigation into the killing, a profile was commissioned from Paul Britton, a clinical psychologist (cited in Ormerod, 1995). A suspect was eventually identified and it was noted that he seemed to fit the profile well. An elaborate operation, drawing partly but not only on the profile, was put together in which a police woman befriended the socially isolated and inadequate suspect, offering the promise of an intimate relationship in exchange for descriptions of his sexual fantasies and a confession that he murdered the woman on the Common. The confession was not forthcoming, but he was still arrested. The case fell apart because of the lack of evidence and because the psychological profile did not work in this case. As an implication, geographical profiling involves objective measures, it still relies on individual interpretation, which makes it subject to the interpreters knowledge and expertise. The Duffy example shows that in some cases but not all, profiling can be beneficial, however it not right to assume that the results are always going to be successful in every single case. Holmes and Holmes believe that offender profiling tend to be more useful when there is a psychopathology involved, for example; a sadistic assault, and go even further by stating that: Profiling has three major goals. These attempt to provide the criminal justice system with information, especially; first, a social and psychological of the offender; second, a psychological evaluation of possessions found with suspected offenders; third, consultation with law enforcement officials on the strategies which might best be employed when investigating suspects. (Holmes and Holmes, 1999, p.156) It is very difficult to predict when a case is going to be successful or not, however even if a profiler proves to be fifty per cent correct, how can this be counted as success or failure? And what if any other information used in the investigation provided by a profiler it helps in catching a criminal is this considered successful?, even if the rest of the information provided have no use for the investigation? To conclude, this essay has provided relative information about how geographic offender profiling and criminal mapping have to offer to its practitioners. This idea of crime mapping it can be seen as relatively new, and have been only made possible thanks to the introduction of software programmes such as, Criminal Geographic Targeting (CGT), however some authors suggested that crime mapping is experiencing a large amount of interest among professional and academics. This essay considered how important the relationship between crime, space and time are which can be seen as strength or a criticism at the same time, because it moves away from the offender and focus in the location where crime occurs. However, as suggested in this essay, is very difficult to collect a complete accurate picture, this approach tends to rely on exact amount of data collected by the police, sometimes public may not report the crime accurately or not report it at all or even the police might also fail to record or even miss-record crime on its real location. Another criticism is that while geographical profiling involves objective measures, it still relies on individual interpretation, which makes it subject to the interpreters knowledge and expertise. It is clear that some offences happen more often in certain places and at certain times, and the way in which crime occur is rarely random, is important to have a better understanding of why offenders tend to offend in particular places at certain time. By examining the Railway Rapist case is obvious that a better understanding of patterns of his crime helped Canter to establish a profile, however is important to establish that geographic profiling is not always successful. The way in which individuals store subjective information about their spatial environment; every individual has their own mental map which is developed from their childhood to adult life, as they become more experienced the more extensive their internal map is going to be.