Does A Significant Correlation Exist Between Academic Persistence And Dissertation

Does A Significant Correlation Exist Between Academic Persistence And Student Demographics In An Accelerated Adult Education Program At Not A For-Profit Christian Liberal Arts University - Dissertation Example The research includes related literature. According to the authors Becker and Andrew, adult learners encounter several barriers in their quest to achieve an education. They argue that the barriers encountered range from situational, institutional along with the dispositional barriers. They continue to explain that situational barriers occur due to the adults’ situation, which could include his job responsibilities, the lack of ample free time along with their childcare tasks. Institutional barriers are described by the authors as those barriers, which are imposed on the adult learners by the institutions. This could include issues such as sensitivity to their staff members, restrictions on the number of hours they work or the inadequacy of research information. Finally, the authors describe the barriers of disposition as those barriers, which are internal and come about due to feelings of alienation among adults in campuses. Other researchers on the same have suggested that in order for adult learners to overcome the situational barriers that greatly hamper their activities and decrease their enrolments, most campuses have introduced degree programs that are not part of their traditions. These programs are described as those supple programs in which adult learners can enroll. They use techniques such as learning during weekends, distance learning and accelerated methods of delivering their required content to adults who have enrolled for various courses (Holland, 2010). Age and Academic Persistence According to previous research carried out by Adelman (2007), the number of available undergraduates between men and women was roughly equal in the years between 1900 and 1930. The adult male enrolment following the second global war increased due to the enactment of the bill known as GI. Women participation was augmented from 39% to 68% in the years 1959 to the year 2002, and as at 1970, adult men aged from 40 were receiving more degrees when compared to wome n (Adelman, 2008). According to Alderman, the current reason why adult women are enrolling for the educational programs on offer than men is that they had outperformed them during their days in high school. This is in terms of the records they achieve in their tests, scores and their prior preparation for college (Alderman, 2008). The studies finally imply that women aged above 40 years had tremendous gains in the year 1972 when they augmented their achievements in various tests. This greatly helped in reducing the gaps in their knowledge of mathematics and increasing their reading advantages (Baum and Payea, 2009). Because of these improvements and changes in the community’s attitude towards women, their role in marriage and the job place has changed (Adelman, 2007). This has in turn enabled the women to have greater financial freedoms thus motivating the other women around the globe to join colleges despite the fact that they might be older (Baum and Payea, 2009). Creation of programs to cater for the barriers that affect adult learners and their preferred learning styles has been introduced to respond to the problems brought about by the traditional degree programs on aged adults. There is a decline in the number of students joining post high school education and those who fail to complete their education. The number of the students who do not complete their ed

Aspects of schooling Essay Example for Free

Aspects of schooling Essay Society is regularly called upon to make ethical judgments related to all aspects of schooling. These considerations of right and wrong are made when creating the school curriculum, practicing teaching and learning methods, and budget issues. Education is a vital part of society in which everyone plays a role. It is not only the role of parents and teachers to support a child’s education, but also the role of the whole society to provide a structure of living that supports what is being taught. The purpose of education is to provide a way for others to learn. However, the motive of learning can vary. Some people may learn out of pure interest, whereas others may learn to be able to function in society by getting a job. Education can occur in any environment where there is a will to learn. Furthermore, learning is not dependent on a teacher or any institute but can also occur as self-learning. The best teaching methods are always those that are chosen by the student, not the teacher. Many students prefer learning methods in which they can apply their knowledge practically. Students learn effectively through hands-on experience. Apart from this, any exposure that can be provided to students of their area of study also helps the student learn their role and their future job within the society. Such exposure can be provided through field trips or inviting professionals related to the students’ field of study to address the students. Support can also be provided to studen ts through alumni groups and career counselors. In this way, the purpose of education and method of education depends largely on the learner or student, not the teacher or institute. There are two main roles that schools play. The first role is towards their students. This is the relationship that the school maintains with its students. The other role is towards society. This includes the school’s participation in public activities such as fund-raising, organizing public events, or participation in any public demonstrations. The role of schools towards society also includes how schools prepare their students to be better members of the society. We must realize here that the latter role of schools, namely that of allowing its students to be better members of society, is not the sole responsibility of the schools. It is true that we usually look upon the teacher and other school officials as the educational leader, role model, and decision-maker towards a child’s education. This is an unfortunate fact because teachers can never teach everything to students. Unfortunately, parents often use educational institutes as a way of neglecting their child. Many parents may show love and support for their child by admitting them to an expensive school. However, this has a negative effect when parents think that they can pay others to keep their child happy and educate them properly. Parents and society as a whole must take responsibility by helping students towards being better human beings. Communication and the ability to speak freely are also involved in this area. Teachers, parents and students must be willing to communicate with each other and discuss ways to improve the level of education. The learning community is not just restricted to students, teachers, and school authorities. The student must never feel intimidated of approaching others and speaking freely, whether it is to a teacher, parent, or anyone else they may encounter in their everyday life. The school curriculum should firstly include that material which will be most useful to the student. If the curriculum deviates from what the student wants to learn then the student will quickly lose interest. In general education, the curriculum should be as vast as possible to allow students to learn about different subjects. In contrast, any curriculum of a specific subject or catering to a specific profession such as art, science or business should be more focused and practical in terms of helping the student later in their career. However, all curricula should also provide a basic level of education such as English and other life skills subjects that will help the student function more effectively within society. Learning should occur in an environment that is healthy not just physically but also mentally and socially. Physical conditions do play a role towards how well the students learn. When teaching a large group of students the room must be well ventilated and be large enough to accommodate the students comfortably. These types of situations normally arise during school lectures or assemblies. However, it is absolutely crucial that every student also receives some individual attention. This can be done either by making the classes smaller so there are less students per teacher or arranging a schedule in which each student is allowed to have individual meetings with the teacher. It is the purpose of teachers and institutes to teach relevant material effectively. Everyone learns differently for different reasons. To teach successfully, teachers must first learn about their students. They must assess what interests their student, why the student is attending their class, and how they can help the student learn. Teachers must act as tools of education and be approachable. References: Ballantine, Jeanne H. (1989). Schools And Society. Mountain View, CA: Mayfield Karabel, Jerome and A.H. Halsey. (1977). Power And Ideology In Education. New York, NY: Oxford University Press Lazerson, Marvin. (1987). American Education In The Twentieth Century. New York, NY: Teachers College Press Levine, David A. (2002). Building Classroom Communities: Strategies For Developing A Culture Of Caring. Bloomington, IN: Solution Tree Mayer, Susan E and Paul E. Peterson. (1999). Earning And Learning: How Schools Matter. Washington, D.C.: Brookings Institution Press Mendler, Allen N. (2000). Motivating Students Who Dont Care: Successful Techniques For Educators. Bloomington, IN: Solution Tree

Seamus Heaney †The Skunk Commentary Essay -- English Literature

Seamus Heaney – The Skunk Commentary Skunk is a poem by Seamus Heaney about his married life. The poem is a tribute to his wife – how living away from home has caused him to miss his married life. Exiled from his wife, Heaney is recalls the skunk which reminds him of his wife. There are two settings in this poem. The first five stanzas are based on memories of California nights, and the last stanza is a recent memory of waiting in bed for his wife as she changed into her nightdress. The theme of this poem is memory, where Heaney recalls memories of his California nights; this is portrayed in â€Å"it all came back to me last night†. It is also a celebration of the energy and freshness of his marriage; â€Å"after eleven years I was composing love letters again†. He also shows his frustration and desire for his wife, a pain of separation from her; â€Å"the beautiful useless tang of eucalyptus spelt your absence.† The tone of this poem is sacred, sexual, repulsive – it is erotically inviting. Using interesting descriptions, Heaney is able to convey this poem in a tender yet...

The impact of French imperialism on Indochina to 1945 Essay

Being an imperialist country, France pursed to increase its power, wealth and influence by gaining authority over other parts in the world. South America and Africa were among the countries the French Empire had owned in addition to Indochina who lost its independence after the war against China, which lasted from 1884-1885. Indochina was a main asset to France, especially in the field of economics and social power between other countries such as China and Japan. Despite the advantage Indochina gave to France, the control of the French was not considered beneficial to the Indochinese nation. Politically, France reduced the country’s sense of unity by separating Indochina into three administrative sections called Tonkin, Annam and Cochinchina. Political control varied, as it was direct control for the colony of Cochinchina, however indirect control for Annam and Tonkin. The difference between these areas was the fact that the Vietnamese who lived in Cochinchina were able to gain French citizenship and were enabled to hold seats in the National Assembly in Paris. This meant that authority held by the Vietnamese Emperor was strongly weakened, as his mandarins who gave him his authority worked for the French governor. Whereas, in Annam and Tonkin citizens weren’t allowed access to French citizenship and their territory were not counted as part of France. Their emperors continued authorities through the exercise of French govern. This essentially divided the united power of Indochina as power comes in the masses. In terms of social culture, it was French policy to encourage the educated to serve in the army or civil service and to assimilate into French society. Through assimilation of French ideals, the educated Vietnamese people adopted the illusion of French revolutionary concepts of liberty, fraternity and equality. This was contradicting as they were excluded from political, administrative and managerial positions. If an educated Vietnamese were to hold such a position, they’d receive a fraction of the wages earned by their French counterparts. This was due to the theory that Indochinese people were inferior and relied on French culture to overcome their state of disorder. As a result, the French officials who ruled the provinces undermined traditional control of village notables, which led to the conversion of several million Vietnamese people and condemned the traditional practice of ancestral worship. Due to the angered realisation of double standards of liberty and equality, open rebellion and hunger marches in 1930 led to the execution of leaders, the killing by troops of 10000 participants and the deportation of 50000 more. Protests to French authority resulted in serving a jail centre, which was more popular to find than hospital facilities. Indochina gave many opportunities to France to increase wealth and prestige internationally. Due to Indochina’s location a trading relationship with China was made convenient. Having by 1897, gained mineral concession in three provinces there, the French built to railways accessing to China. By 1910 the railway to Yunnan was built by 80000 Vietnamese workers, in which thirty per cent being the subject of mortality. The majority of Indochina’s 25 million people were used as cheap labour workers to work in mines, factories, rice fields and rubber plantations to produce large quantities of corn, rice, rubber, silk, tin and zinc. Exclusive possession of alcohol, opium and salt trade also significantly amplified France’s financial state. Land grants were given to French settlers and wealthy Vietnamese people who possessed eighty per cent of land. Peasants were living in poverty caused by high rent payment, high taxes and debt to moneylenders. The building of canals, roads, railway lines and port facilities as well as the administration of Indochina were funded by heavy labour of the Vietnamese resources and working-class peasants. The response to oppression caused resistance from the Indochinese nation. Guerrillas fought to prevent forceful takeover and loss of heritage. Further violence was the response of French authority. This worsened the involvement of violence due to the fact that it stimulated further resistance. Nationalism arose from the involvement in world war one, which caused further intense resistance. Education provided by the French was beneficial to the Vietnamese, as they provided and encouraged an understanding and commitment to nationalist ideas. This caused two radical revolutionary groups to emerge and challenge French authority. The more powerful group  called the Indochinese communist party (ICP) was founded by Ho Chi Minh who brought prominence in 1930. The French underestimated its motivation, resistance and ability, which resulted in their failure to destroy it. The pacific war ended in august 1945 and by the 20th of August Ho Chi Minh and the Viet Minh took control of the government buildings. This was due to the fact that there was a French absence in the colony. The ‘August revolution’ spread across Vietnam and Viet Minh groups’ accessed control of all government levels. On the 19th of August the provisional government of the Democratic Republic of Vietnam (DRV) was announced and on the 2nd of September Ho Chi Minh declared independence in front of his nation. His ten goals included overthrowing French imperialism to make Indochina independent, establish a worker-peasant and soldier government, distribute assets of belonging and plantations to the peasants, implement an 8 hour working day, abolish unfair taxes on peasants, bring freedom to the masses and implement equality between both sexes. French imperialism impacted Indochina Economically, Socially and Politically. In the long run, it provided the Vietnamese with advantages such as infrastructure, education and economic wealth. However, in order to achieve this the French imperialists caused destruction to the masses with burdens of unreasonable debt, high rates of death and forced cheap labour. In order to achieve independence, education on concepts of liberty, fraternity and equality ironically provided by the French gave Vietnamese communists the ability to fight French authority. Through the resistance and support of the majority of the Indochinese nation, the Viet Minh were successful to overcome oppression of their people and ultimately gained insight to political, economic and social welfare on an international scale. Despite his efforts to gain support of the United States, Ho Chi Minh’s letters went unanswered and instead the United States agreed to support France’s demand for support of reclamation of Vietnam.

Look Back in Anger Themes

Major Themes The Angry Young Man Osborne's play was the first to explore the theme of the â€Å"Angry Young Man. † This term describes a generation of post-World War II artists and working class men who generally ascribed to leftist, sometimes anarchist, politics and social views. According to cultural critics, these young men were not a part of any organized movement but were, instead, individuals angry at a post-Victorian Britain that refused to acknowledge their social and class alienation. Jimmy Porter is often considered to be literature's seminal example of the angry young man.Jimmy is angry at the social and political structures that he believes has kept him from achieving his dreams and aspirations. He directs this anger towards his friends and, most notably, his wife Alison. The Kitchen Sink Drama Kitchen Sink drama is a term used to denote plays that rely on realism to explore domestic social relations. Realism, in British theater, was first experimented with in the late nineteenth and early twentieth century by such playwrights as George Bernard Shaw. This genre attempted to capture the lives of the British upper class in a way that realistically reflected the ordinary drama of ruling class British society. Related article: Eric Bartels My Problem With Her AngerAccording to many critics, by the mid-twentieth century the genre of realism had become tired and unimaginative. Osborne's play returned imagination to the Realist genre by capturing the anger and immediacy of post-war youth culture and the alienation that resulted in the British working classes. Look Back in Anger  was able to comment on a range of domestic social dilemmas in this time period. Most importantly, it was able to capture, through the character of Jimmy Porter, the anger of this generation that festered just below the surface of elite British culture.Loss of Childhood A theme that impacts the characters of Jimmy and Alison Porter is the idea of a lost childhood. Osborne uses specific examples — the death of Jimmy's father when Jimmy was only ten, and how he was forced to watch the physical and mental demise of the man — to demonstrate the way in which Jimmy is forced to deal with suffering from an ear ly age. Alison's loss of childhood is best seen in the way that she was forced to grow up too fast by marrying Jimmy. Her youth is wasted in the anger and abuse that her husband levels upon her.Osborne suggests that a generation of British youth has experienced this same loss of childhood innocence. Osborne uses the examples of World War, the development of the atomic bomb, and the decline of the British Empire to show how an entire culture has lost the innocence that other generations were able to maintain. Real Life In the play, Jimmy Porter is consumed with the desire to live a more real and full life. He compares this burning desire to the empty actions and attitudes of others. At first, he generalizes this emptiness by criticizing the lax writing and opinions of those in the newspapers.He then turns his angry gaze to those around him and close to him, Alison, Helena, and Cliff. Osborne's argument in the play for a real life is one in which men are allowed to feel a full range o f emotions. The most real of these emotions is anger and Jimmy believes that this anger is his way of truly living. This idea was unique in British theater during the play's original run. Osborne argued in essays and criticisms that, until his play, British theater had subsumed the emotions of characters rendering them less realistic. Jimmy's desire for a real life is an attempt to restore raw emotion to the theater. Sloth in British CultureJimmy Porter compares his quest for a more vibrant and emotional life to the slothfulness of the world around him. It is important to note that Jimmy does not see the world around him as dead, but merely asleep in some fundamental way. This is a fine line that Osborne walks throughout the play. Jimmy never argues that there is a nihilism within British culture. Instead, he sees a kind of slothfulness of character. His anger is an attempt to awaken those around him from this cultural sleep. This slothfulness of emotion is best seen in the relation ship between Alison and Cliff. Alison describes her relationship with Cliff as â€Å"comfortable. They are physically and emotionally affectionate with each other, but neither seems to want to take their passion to another level of intimacy. In this way, their relationship is lazy. They cannot awaken enough passion to consummate their affair. Jimmy seems to subconsciously understand this, which is the reason he is not jealous of their affection towards one another. The Rise and Fall of the British Empire The character of Colonel Redfern, Alison's father, represents the decline of and nostalgia for the British Empire. The Colonel had been stationed for many years in India, a symbol of Britain's imperial reach into the world.The Edwardian age which corresponded to Britain's height of power, had been the happiest of his life. His nostalgia is representative of the denial that Osborne sees in the psyche of the British people. The world has moved on into an American age, he argues, and the people of the nation cannot understand why they are no longer the world's greatest power. Masculinity in Art Osborne has been accused by critics of misogynistic views in his plays. Many point to Look Back in Anger  as the chief example. These critics accuse Osborne of glorifying young male anger and cruelty towards women and homosexuals.This is seen in the play in specific examples in which Jimmy Porter emotionally distresses Alison, his wife, and delivers a grisly monologue in which he wishes for Alison's mother's death. Osborne, however, asserts that he is attempting to restore a vision of true masculinity into a twentieth century culture that he sees as becoming increasingly feminized. This feminization is seen in the way that British culture shows an â€Å"indifference to anything but immediate, personal suffering. † This causes deadness within which Jimmy's visceral anger and masculine emotion is retaliation against.

How to Write a Literacy Narrative

How to Write a Literacy Narrative I first learned to read at the age of three while sitting on my grandmother’s lap in her high-rise apartment on Lake Shore Drive in Chicago, IL. While flipping casually through Time magazine, she noticed how I took a keen interest in the blur of black and white shapes on the page. Soon, I was following her wrinkled finger from one word to the next, sounding them out, until those words came into focus, and I could read. It felt as though I had unlocked time itself. What Is a â€Å"Literacy Narrative?† What are your strongest memories of reading and writing? These stories, otherwise known as â€Å"literacy narratives,† allow writers to talk through and discover their relationships with reading, writing, and speaking in all its forms. Narrowing in on specific moments reveals the significance of literacy’s impact on our lives, conjuring up buried emotions tied to the power of language, communication, and expression. To be â€Å"literate† implies the ability to decode language on its most basic terms, but literacy also expands to one’s ability to read and write the world - to find and make meaning out of our relationships with texts, ourselves, and the world around us. At any given moment, we orbit language worlds. Soccer players, for example, learn the language of the game. Doctors talk in technical medical terms. Fishermen speak the sounds of the sea. And in each of these worlds, our literacy in these specific languages allows us to navigate, participate and contribute to the depth of knowledge generated within them. Famous writers like Annie Dillard, author of The Writing Life, and Anne Lammot, Bird by Bird, have penned literacy narratives to reveal the highs and lows of language learning, literacies, and the written word. But you don’t have to be famous to tell your own literacy narrative - everyone has their own story to tell about their relationships with reading and writing. In fact, the Digital Archive of Literacy Narratives at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign offers a publicly accessible archive of personal literacy narratives in multiple formats featuring over 6,000 entries. Each shows the range of subjects, themes, and ways into the literacy narrative process as well as variations in terms of voice, tone, and style. How to Write Your Own Literacy Narrative Ready to write your own literacy narrative but don’t know where to begin? Think of a story linked to your personal history of reading and writing. Perhaps you want to write about your favorite author or book and its impact on your life. Maybe you remember your first brush with the sublime power of poetry. Do you remember the time you first learned to read, write or speak in another language? Or maybe the story of your first big writing project comes to mind. Make sure to consider why this particular story is the most important one to tell. Usually, there are powerful lessons and revelations uncovered in the telling of a literacy narrative.Wherever you begin, picture the first scene that comes to mind in relation to this story, using descriptive details. Tell us where you were, who you were with, and what you were doing in this specific moment when your literacy narrative begins. For example, a story about your favorite book may begin with a description of where you were when the book first landed in your hands. If you’re writing about your discovery of poetry, tell us exactly where you were when you first felt that spark. Do you remember where you were when you first learned a new word in a second language? Continue from there to explore the ways in which this experience had meaning for you. What other memories are triggered in the telling of this first scene? Where did this experience lead you in your writing and reading journey? To what extent did it transform you or your ideas about the world? What challenges did you face in the process? How did this particular literacy narrative shape your life story? How do questions of  power or knowledge come into play in your literacy narrative? Writing Toward a Shared Humanity Writing literacy narratives can be a joyful process, but it can also trigger untapped feelings about the complexities of literacy. Many of us carry scars and wounds from early literacy experiences. Writing it down can help us explore and reconcile these feelings in order to strengthen our relationship with reading and writing. Writing literacy narratives can also help us learn about ourselves as consumers and producers of words, revealing the intricacies of knowledge, culture, and power bound up in language and literacies. Ultimately, telling our literacy stories brings us closer to ourselves and each other in our collective desire to express and communicate a shared humanity.​ Amanda Leigh Lichtenstein is a poet, writer, and educator from Chicago, IL (USA) who currently splits her time in East Africa. Her essays on arts, culture, and education appear in Teaching Artist Journal, Art in the Public Interest, Teachers Writers Magazine, Teaching Tolerance, The Equity Collective, AramcoWorld, Selamta, The Forward, among others.

Lady Godivas Famous Ride Through Coventry

Lady Godiva's Famous Ride Through Coventry According to legend, Leofric, the Anglo-Saxon Earl of Mercia, imposed heavy taxes on those who lived on his lands. Lady Godiva, his wife, tried to persuade him to remove the taxes, which caused suffering.  He refused to remit them, finally telling her that he would if she would ride  nude on horseback through the streets of the town of Coventry. Of course, he first proclaimed that all citizens should stay inside and close the shutters over their windows. According to the legend, her long hair modestly covered her nudity. Godiva, with that spelling, is the Roman version of the Old English name Godgifu or Godgyfu, meaning gift of God. The term peeping Tom supposedly begins with part of this story, too.  The story is that one citizen, a tailor named Tom, dared to view the noblewoman Lady Godivas nude ride. He made a small hole in his shutters.  So peeping Tom was applied after that to any man who snuck a peek at a naked woman, usually through a small hole in a fence or wall. How true is this story?  Is it a total myth? Exaggeration of something that really happened?  Like much that happened that long ago, the answer is not completely known, since there were not detailed historical records kept. What we do know:  Lady Godiva was a real historical figure. Her name appears with Leofrics, her husbands, on documents of the time.  Her signature appears with documents making grants to monasteries. She was, apparently, a generous woman. She is also mentioned in an 11th-century book as the only major female landowner after the Norman conquest.  So she seems to have had some power, even in widowhood. But the famous nude ride?  The story of her ride does not appear in any written record we now have, until almost 200 years after it would have happened. The oldest telling is by Roger of Wendover in the Flores Historiarum. Roger alleges that the ride happened in 1057. A 12th-century chronicle credited to the monk Florence of Worcester mentions Leofric and Godiva.  But that document has nothing about such a memorable event.  (Not to mention that most scholars today ascribe the chronicle to a fellow monk named John, though Florence may have been an influence or contributor.) In the 16th century, Protestant printer Richard Grafton of Coventry told another version of the story, considerably cleaned up, and focused on a horse tax.  A ballad of the late 17th century follows this version. Some scholars, finding little evidence of the truth of the story as it has generally been told, have offered other explanations: she rode not naked but in her underwear. Such public processions to show penitence were known at the time.  Another explanation offered is that perhaps she rode through town as a peasant might, without her jewelry that marked her as a wealthy woman. But the word used in the earliest chronicles is one used for being without any clothing at all, not just without outer clothing, or without jewelry. Most serious scholars agree: the story of the ride is not history, but myth or legend. Theres no reliable historical evidence from anywhere near the time, and that histories nearer the time have no mention of the ride adds credence to this conclusion. Lending strength to that conclusion is that Coventry was only founded in 1043, so by 1057, its unlikely it would have been large enough for the ride to be as dramatic as it is pictured in the legends. The story of peeping Tom doesnt even appear in Roger of Wendovers version 200 years after the ride supposedly happened. It first appears in the 18th century, a gap of 700 years, though there are claims of it appearing in 17th-century sources which have not been found.  Chances are the term was already in use, and the legend was made up as a good backstory.  Tom was, as in the phrase every Tom, Dick, and Harry, probably just a stand-in for any man, in making a general category of men who violated a womans privacy by observing her through a hole in a wall.  Furthermore, Tom isnt even a typical Anglo-Saxon name, so this part of the story likely comes from far later than the time of Godiva. So heres the conclusion: Lady Godivas ride likely belongs in the Just Aint So Story category, rather than being historical truth.  If you disagree: wheres the near-contemporary evidence? About Lady Godiva Dates:  born possibly about 1010, died between 1066 and 1086Occupation:  noblewomanKnown for:  legendary naked ride through CoventryAlso known as:  Godgyfu, Godgifu (means gift of God) Marriage, Children Husband: Leofric, Earl of MerciaChildren:Godiva was probably the mother of Leofrics son, Aelfgar of Mercia, married to Aelgifu.Children of Aelfgar and Aelfgifu included Edith of Mercia (Ealdgyth) who married Gruffydd ap Llewellyn and Harold II (Harold Godwinson) of England. More About Lady Godiva We know very little about Lady Godivas real history. She is mentioned in some contemporary or near-contemporary sources as the wife of the earl of Mercia, Leofric. A twelfth-century chronicle says that Lady Godiva was a widow when she married Leofric. Her name appears with her husbands in connection with donations to a number of monasteries, so she was likely known for her generosity by contemporaries. Lady Godiva is mentioned in the Domesday book as being alive after the Norman conquest (1066) as the only major woman to hold land after the conquest, but by the time of the books writing (1086) she had died.

Nikola Tesla, Discovered Alternating Current

Nikola Tesla, Discovered Alternating Current Nikola Tesla (July 10, 1856–January 7, 1943), who was a trained electrical and mechanical engineer, was one of the most influential inventors of the 20th century. Eventually holding over 700 patents, Tesla worked in a number of fields, including electricity, robotics, radar, and wireless transmission of energy. Teslas discoveries laid the groundwork for many of the 20th centurys technological advances. Tesla’s life played out like a science fiction movie. He often had flashes of light in his mind that revealed the design of innovative machinery, which he committed to paper, constructed, tested, and perfected. But all was not easy. The race to light up the world was fraught with rancor and animosity. Fast Facts: Nikola Tesla Known For: Discovered alternating current (AC), influenced the modern electrical-supply systemAlso Known As: Father of AC Current, Father of the Radio, The Man Who Invented the 20th CenturyBorn: July 10, 1856 in Smiljan, CroatiaParents: Milutin Tesla, Ä uka TeslaDied: January 7, 1943 in New York CityEducation: Realschule in Karlstadt, the University of Prague, the Polytechnic Institute in Graz, Austria (studied mechanical and electrical engineering, but dropped out)Published Works: The Problem of Increasing Human Energy (published in  The Century Magazine  in 1900), Experiments With Alternate Currents of High Potential and High Frequency  (1904, republished in 2012), My Inventions: The Autobiography of Nikola Tesla (1919)Awards and Honors: AIEE  Edison Medal  (1917), University of Paris Medal (1937), The Medal of the University St. Clement of Ochrida, Sofia, Bulgaria (1939), IEEE Nikola Tesla Award (presented annually to an individual or team that has made an outstanding contribution to the generation or utilization of  electric power)Notable Quote: If you want to find the secrets of the universe, think in terms of energy, frequency and vibration. Early Years Tesla was born on July 10, 1856, to Milutin Tesla, a Serbian Orthodox priest in Smiljan, Croatia, and Ä uka Tesla. He credited his innovative quest to his mother, an inventive homemaker who created appliances such as a mechanical eggbeater to help with the home and farm. Tesla studied at the Realschule in Karlstadt, the University of Prague, and the Polytechnic Institute in Graz, Austria, where he studied mechanical and electrical engineering. Work With Edison In 1882, the 24-year-old Tesla was working for the Central Telephone Exchange in Budapest when the idea for a rotating magnetic field flashed through his mind. Tesla was determined to turn his idea into a reality but he was unable to find backing for the project in Budapest; thus, Tesla moved to New York in 1884 and introduced himself to Thomas Edison through a letter of recommendation. Edison, the creator of the incandescent light bulb and the world’s first electric lighting system in the commercial blocks of lower Manhattan, hired Tesla at $14 per week plus a $50,000 bonus if Tesla could improve Edison’s electric lighting system. Edisons system, a coal-burning electric generating station, was limited to supplying electricity to about a one-mile radius at the time. AC vs. DC Although Tesla and Edison shared a mutual respect for one another, at least at first, Tesla challenged Edison’s claim that current could only flow in one direction (DC, direct current). Tesla claimed that energy was cyclic and could change direction (AC, alternating current), which would increase voltage levels across greater distances than Edison had pioneered. Since Edison didnt like Teslas idea of alternating current, which would impose a radical departure from his own system, Edison refused to award Tesla the bonus. Edison said the offer of a bonus had been a joke and that Tesla didnt understand American humor. Betrayed and insulted, Tesla quit working for Thomas Edison. Scientific Rival Seeing an opportunity, George Westinghouse (an American industrialist, inventor, corporate entrepreneur, and a rival of Thomas Edison in his own right) bought Tesla’s 40 U.S. patents for the polyphase alternating current system of generators, motors, and transformers. In 1888, Tesla went to work for Westinghouse in order to develop the alternating current system. At this time, electricity was still new and feared by the public due to fires and electric shocks. Edison fed that fear by using smear tactics against alternating current, even stooping to the electrocution of animals to scare the community into believing that alternating current was much more dangerous than direct current. In 1893, Westinghouse outbid Edison in lighting up the Columbian Exposition in Chicago, which allowed Westinghouse and Tesla to show the public the marvels and advantages of electric light and appliances via alternating current. This demonstration of alternating current convinced J.P. Morgan, an American investor who had originally financed Edison, to back Westinghouse and Tesla in their design for the first hydroelectric power plant in Niagara Falls. Built in 1895, the new hydroelectric power plant transmitted an amazing twenty miles away. Large AC generating stations (using dams on large rivers and power lines) would eventually link across the nation and become the type of power supplied to homes today. A Wireless World Winning the War of Currents, Tesla sought a way to make the world wireless. In 1898, Tesla demonstrated a remote-controlled boat at the Madison Square Garden Electrical Exhibition. The following year, Tesla moved his work to Colorado Springs, Colorado, in order to construct a high-voltage/high-frequency tower for the U.S. government. The goal was to develop a wireless transmission of energy using the vibrating waves of the earth to generate unlimited power and communications. Through this work, he lit 200 lamps without wires from a distance of 25 miles and shot man-made lightning into the atmosphere using a Tesla coil, a transformer antenna he had patented in 1891. In December 1900, Tesla returned to New York and began work on a â€Å"World-System† of wireless transmissions intended to link up the world’s signal stations (telephone, telegraph, etc.). However, the backing investor, J.P. Morgan, who had financed the Niagara Falls project, terminated the contract upon learning that it would be â€Å"free† wireless electricity for all to tap into. Death On Jan. 7, 1943, Tesla died at the age of 86 of coronary thrombosis in his bed at the Hotel New Yorker where he resided. Tesla, who had never married, had spent his life creating, inventing, and discovering. Upon his death, Tesla held over 700 patents, which included the modern electric motor, remote control, wireless transmission of energy, basic laser and radar technology, the first neon and fluorescent illumination, the first X-ray photographs, the wireless vacuum tube, the air-friction speedometer for automobiles, and the Tesla coil (widely used in radio, television sets, and other electronic equipment). Legacy On June 21, 1943, the U.S. Supreme Court ruled in favor of Tesla as â€Å"the father of the radio† rather than Guglielmo Marconi who had received the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1909 for his contributions to the development of the radio. The court’s decision was based on Tesla’s lectures of 1893 and possibly due to the fact that the Marconi Corporation had sued the U.S. government for royalties for using radio patents during World War I. In addition to all that Tesla created, he also had many ideas that he didnt have time to finish. Some of these ideas included massive weapons. In a world still immersed in World War II and that was just beginning to split into East vs. West, ideas of massive weapons were coveted. After Teslas death, the FBI seized Teslas belongings and notebooks. It is thought that the U.S. government used the information from Teslas notes to work on building beam weapons after the war. The government set up a secret project, called Project Nick, which tested the feasibility of death rays, but the project was eventually shut down and the results of their experiments were never published. Sources â€Å"25 Nikola Tesla Quotes to Become the Inventor of Your Dreams.†Ã‚  Goalcast, 20 Dec. 2017.Editors, History.com. â€Å"Nikola Tesla.†Ã‚  History.com, AE Television Networks, 9 Nov. 2009.â€Å"The Extraordinary Life of Nikola Tesla.†Ã‚  Smithsonian.com, Smithsonian Institution, 5 Jan. 2018.â€Å"Nikola Tesla.†Ã‚  Nikola Tesla, u-s-history.com.

Research topic Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Research topic - Coursework Example In this scenario, this paper will outline some of the main issues (which cause software failures) that are involved in software engineering process and will suggest solutions to resolve these issues and problems. Seeing that, a major reason of software failure is poor development process for software development. However, this is because of the complex nature of contemporary software. In fact, when designing or programming a section of software, we are frequently dealing with a lot of issues simultaneously. Additionally, some of them can distract our focus from the particular problem which we are attempting to resolve. In this scenario, the issues and problems we are dealing with in a software development process can comprise the following: (Roodyn, 2005) Need to strictly follow the design of the system Ensuring our new code/routine does not break some of the existing modules Making sure we are following the coding/designing principles Taking care of how this resolution will influenc e future jobs that require being finished That is what we are going to try to attain through the software development process. In the first step, we look at what makes a high-quality solution. After that, we work through an idea that shows how we are able to perform focused small jobs that guide us towards the implementation of that solution (Roodyn, 2005). I have presented below some of the main issues in the overall software development process: Poor software development practices issues can be the errors which occur due to the mistake of software developer. This kind of issues involves: (BenmeadowCroft, 2011) Less focus on testing of program Making wrong assumptions from the requirements of the system Producing less effective documentation Less effective user interface Another class of problems is known as end user or entity problems. These issues or problems occur due to the errors in the piece of either the end user or the unit that are making use of the system. These problems and issues can comprise: (BenmeadowCroft, 2011) Recording incorrect requirement for the system Entering and using wrong data Not giving training to the end user Damaged expensive hardware Poorly designed hardware A less effective poor fit between the system and the organization http://www.benmeadowcroft.com/reports/systemfailure/ Moreover, the effective software development and management quality is attained through intense product examination. Like that inspection consumes a great deal of the business resources. In the same way, if a product fails in testing, it requires to be revised or scraped. Additionally, a product can encompass a large number of faults or errors if it follows minimum quality principles and standards. It outlines that the clients are willing to pay for a â€Å"buggy† thus far working product. In this scenario, the quality is a split job and focused on assessment of product. However, it is assumed that the software development group/team will always welc ome such a self-governing quality function. Developers are blamed for poor quality is an approach that can resolve these issues. Though, replacing a worker does not denote humanizing quality. Also, less effective quality can come from the supplier side (Li et al., 2000). For the effective management of issues we will take below given measures: Taking Measures A good idea can be to request the team

Avon Calls on Foreign Markets Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Avon Calls on Foreign Markets - Case Study Example This strategy guarantees increased sales because it captures the local customer needs. Given that the operation of the company is spread to different regions, this strategy captures the needs of people with different skin sensitivity to beauty products.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Additionally, another marketing orientation is the customer. Avon’s approaches in marketing are that it targets women. It takes into contemplation the age group of cosmetics users and the places where the women population propagates more rapidly. This strategy employs independent sales persons or Avon representatives, who places sales orders with Avon and deliver the same to customers. Another orientation employed by Avon is social marketing orientation that entails; a breast cancer crusade that creates a global awareness on breast cancer and community outreach and education. This strategy is core, because it targets its leading customers: the women.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   A horde of re asons made Avon concentrate on more on the foreign operations than the U.S market. First, it was due to a forecast of a slow growth rate in the U.S market given that most of the market had been permeated already, and there remained no virgin market for its products. Therefore, any growth or increased sales would entail Avon competing to grab its competitor’s market share and given the nature of competition prevalent in the U.S market, Avon chose to direct its energy on less competitive arenas.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Secondly, Avon chose to redirect its energies away from the U.S market due to the changing nature and dynamism.... A horde of reasons made Avon concentrate on more on the foreign operations than the U.S market. First, it was due to a forecast of a slow growth rate in the U.S market given that most of the market had been permeated already, and there remained no virgin market for its products. Therefore, any growth or increased sales would entail Avon competing to grab its competitor’s market share and given the nature of competition prevalent in the U.S market, Avon chose to direct its energy on less competitive arenas. Secondly, Avon chose to redirect its energies away from the U.S market due to the changing nature and dynamism of its main market which affected its distribution strategies. Avon has been built around direct marketing whereby the Avon ladies sell directly to households and giving beauty advice. Therefore, direct sales were the backbone of the company for a long time. However, it the 20th century, many U.S women were making forays into the workforce. This had twin effect in t hat access to the women in their homes was hampered. Secondly, the number of women seeking part time employment with Avon reduced. On the other hand, there existed untapped markets elsewhere, for example, in inaccessible and remote part of Brazil and Philippines. A global recession like the one that happened in 2008 is not likely to curtail Avon activities materially. Indeed, it increases the number of people willing to work part time and independently, on which Avon marketing strategy is built. To add, since Avon has diversified its market to capture the foreign market is not likely to affect all the markets negatively at once. In fact, when things were gloomy in the United States, the foreign markets looked bright.

PM Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

PM - Essay Example The use of the internet is an important source of information in our daily lives. The nurses in Pleasant Manor center would therefore be able to research and gain more knowledge about the various nursing interventions. This would boost the level of service delivery of the nurses to the patients. With technological developments worldwide, a patient’s medical history can be found in through shared government websites. Access to such previous information would assist the nurses to make relevant diagnosis hence correct nursing interventions. Moreover, the use of computers connected to the internet assist in the storage of files and their retrieval. As opposed to the traditional shelving of files, the storage and retrieval of information is made easier because computer files are easier to access (Locsin, 2001). This has resulted to efficiency and reduction of workers hence reduction of expenses. An aberrometer is a device that is used in the checking of the eye defects. This latest technology allows a keen analysis of the eye parts hence unexpected occurrences are identified at an early stage. The use of this technology by Pleasant Manor would boost efficiency in its eye treatment wing thus resulting to patient satisfaction. Apart from the common gym equipment such as weight plates, properly leveled benches, leg machines, etc. Pleasant Manor should introduce the latest versions of the gym equipment. This modern equipment are electronically connected to some parts of the body hence they are able to determine the levels of heartbeat, amount of calories utilized, rate of exercise etc (Czar, 2012). Therefore, the use of this modern technological gym equipment would ensure quality exercise by the patients. Technology can be used to create the necessary entertainment to patients especially those in the hospice wing. By use of 3D movie screens, play

Bus. Research and Writing Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Bus. Research and Writing - Essay Example Selecting the best form of financing is critical for the success of any business venture and this should be guided by the amount required. Ideally, this paper recommends that the business should settle on the cheapest and most available form of financing. They should also establish the amount required before settling on a particular source of financing. Moreover, when seeking debt financing the business should ensure that all the paperwork must be made available. These may include the business plan, bank statements, business history and references. Most business start their operations before the owners decide to expand. This can be done by establishing new ventures or expanding. Some of the new ventures that can be explored include developing new product lines, creating and sustaining a presence in a new geographical area and establishing a new market. Each one of the ventures requires funds in order to be successful. The funds that are required by businesses, organizations or enterp rises either to start up new ventures or to bolster already existing ventures may be acquired through external sources or internal sources. The sources of capital usually depend on whether the business or organization is at an early stage of rapid expansion. The first source of capital for any corporation is usually the retained profits. The corporation has to approximate the amount of money required. The retained profits are the profits that are kept by the corporation rather than being distributed as dividends to the shareholders. The profits are retained in the organization and invested in new business ventures. A business can choose to opt for debt financing. This form of financing allows the borrower to use the money borrowed for a specified period provided they repay the money with some interest. In most instances, the terms of the loan are usually outlined in the loan agreement. To ensure that the repayment of the loan is guaranteed, the loan may be backed by â€Å"collatera l† for the sake of a secured loan or â€Å"cash flow† for the sake of unsecured loans. A corporation can raise capital through the sale of shares. Essentially, shares relate to public limited companies or private limited companies. â€Å"Shares† are self-explanatory and once one buys a shares form a particular company, they in turn own a share of the company. Shares are ideal forms of funding majorly because they are non-redeemable, that is, they form a permanent source of finance and they are usually non-refundable. 2. Introduction Most organizations seek to expand their operations by exploring the prospects of undertaking new ventures. Some of the ventures may include the production of new product line, entry into a new geographical area or the establishment of a new market. With the primary aim of expanding its operations, our firm is intending to create a presence in a new geographical area. For this to happen we will definitely require two considerable sums of money. Some of the notable sources of financing the business may include financing by debt, engaging private investors/angels, selling of shares, early stage venture capital, and expansion stage venture capital (Matthew2011). The companies that are in their early stages may receive their financing from the founders and this may be supplemented by some other financing from friends and family. The founders may also seek financing from other financial institutions but this is usually

Proposed design for residential dwellings and retail super markets Essay

Proposed design for residential dwellings and retail super markets near Lichfield Basin - Essay Example The proposal also highlights the preventive measures that need to be incorporated in view of flooding, soft and moist clayey ground, damp patches in buildings. The other design considerations include the spacing between dwelling and the development of garden in nearby area. Thus the single major aim of this design proposal is to develop sustainable dwellings and retails that are contemporary with good aesthetics 2. Performance requirements for buildings: The proposed site is a basin area and hence requires a careful design with respect to structural stability, good thermal and sound insulation and availability of natural lighting. The materials that provide good insulation are prescribed in the EST guidance, â€Å"Insulation materials chart - thermal properties and environmental ratings† (www.energysavingtrust.org.uk/housing , CE 71) and that for airtightness in â€Å"Insulation materials chart - thermal properties and environmental ratings† (www.energysavingtrust.org.u k/housing , CE 137). ... According to the Building Regulations Approved Document E of the Department for Communities and Local Government (Resistance to the passage of sound, 11 -17) of the building regulations, the attenuation values for airborne sound and impact sound could range from 3dB to 8dB. The credits in the certification is 1 for 3dB attenuation and for 8dB attenuation, the credit is 4. Insulation tests are carried out in pre-completion and post completion stage by test bodies accredited by UKAS. The thermal insulation is assessed by the Heat Loss Parameter. The long term thermal insulation of the building depends on the structure of the building. The Heat Loss parameter gives a statistical measure of the thermal insulation of the external surface area including construction and airtightness. A lower value of heat loss parameter specifies efficient design in terms of thermal insulation. The design and location of hot water cylinders, insulation pipes and cold water tanks needs more attention. ( I h ave removed some text here) During construction the design and mode of temporary supports need to be assessed and decided by a competent structural engineer who has sufficient knowledge about the load bearing ability of different materials. According to the Building and Construction Authority (â€Å"GUIDELINES FOR STRUCTURAL ENGINEERS†, www.bca.gov.sg/), the structural investigation of a building involves checking the structural plans, calculations of load bearing ability, testing the strengths of materials and carrying out load tests on parts of the building. As stated in the technical guide, of Department for Communities and Local Government

Unit 1 - Program Capstone Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Unit 1 - Program Capstone - Research Paper Example This explains why most employees appreciated the managers monitoring the activities of the employees and the overall company performance. In regards to the leading function, Google employs a democratic type of leadership that allows for participation of all members of the team; thus, proper participation in the course of accomplishment of tasks (Google Inc., 2015). Planning, as Daft & Marci (2012) and Daft & Marci (2012) indicate, is a core function for management. Planning is strong points of the managers of Google Inc. as the managers have been on the frontline to come up with processes that ensure they access the appropriate resourcing. The managers are also innovative and mostly focus on implementing their ideas effectively. Lastly, organization is also evident in Google. The company uses a product organizational structure where employees work based on their division and product such as employees on the YouTube and Chrome section (Google Inc., 2015). However, improvement may be needed, in terms of seeking ideas that will provide for diversification; thus, reach newer customers. Additionally, Google my benefit from creating more innovation ideas that would allow for growth of its company (Google Inc.,

Proposed design for residential dwellings and retail super markets Essay

Proposed design for residential dwellings and retail super markets near Lichfield Basin - Essay Example The proposal also highlights the preventive measures that need to be incorporated in view of flooding, soft and moist clayey ground, damp patches in buildings. The other design considerations include the spacing between dwelling and the development of garden in nearby area. Thus the single major aim of this design proposal is to develop sustainable dwellings and retails that are contemporary with good aesthetics 2. Performance requirements for buildings: The proposed site is a basin area and hence requires a careful design with respect to structural stability, good thermal and sound insulation and availability of natural lighting. The materials that provide good insulation are prescribed in the EST guidance, â€Å"Insulation materials chart - thermal properties and environmental ratings† (www.energysavingtrust.org.uk/housing , CE 71) and that for airtightness in â€Å"Insulation materials chart - thermal properties and environmental ratings† (www.energysavingtrust.org.u k/housing , CE 137). ... According to the Building Regulations Approved Document E of the Department for Communities and Local Government (Resistance to the passage of sound, 11 -17) of the building regulations, the attenuation values for airborne sound and impact sound could range from 3dB to 8dB. The credits in the certification is 1 for 3dB attenuation and for 8dB attenuation, the credit is 4. Insulation tests are carried out in pre-completion and post completion stage by test bodies accredited by UKAS. The thermal insulation is assessed by the Heat Loss Parameter. The long term thermal insulation of the building depends on the structure of the building. The Heat Loss parameter gives a statistical measure of the thermal insulation of the external surface area including construction and airtightness. A lower value of heat loss parameter specifies efficient design in terms of thermal insulation. The design and location of hot water cylinders, insulation pipes and cold water tanks needs more attention. ( I h ave removed some text here) During construction the design and mode of temporary supports need to be assessed and decided by a competent structural engineer who has sufficient knowledge about the load bearing ability of different materials. According to the Building and Construction Authority (â€Å"GUIDELINES FOR STRUCTURAL ENGINEERS†, www.bca.gov.sg/), the structural investigation of a building involves checking the structural plans, calculations of load bearing ability, testing the strengths of materials and carrying out load tests on parts of the building. As stated in the technical guide, of Department for Communities and Local Government

Internal Controlsin in the Business World Assignment

Internal Controlsin in the Business World - Assignment Example Prepaid expenses are an asset that a company must reflect in its balance sheet. The prepaid asset reduces in value through consumption as time passes. The contract value of the prepaid insurance was $6000 a year. After the passage of three months the firm was supposed to record $1500 worth of depreciation of the prepaid insurance asset to recognize the consumption of the insurance. The adjusting entry that should have been recorded each month was a $500 debit to insurance expense and a credit of $500 to prepaid insurance. The credit is reducing the balance of the prepaid insurance asset. After three months the company’s financial statements are not accurate because the firm did not record the corresponding adjusting entry that was required. In the balance sheet of the company the current assets account is going be overstated by $1500. In the income statement the net income of the company is going to be overstated by $1500 due to the fact that insurance expenses for that amount were not recognized during the period. One of the most important assets which must be safeguarded with accounting internal control mechanisms is the cash of the company. Cash is the most critical asset a company has because it is used to pay for operating expenses such as payroll, utilities, and rent and it is need to pay off monthly debt obligations. Due to the liquidity of cash it is often targeted by unethical employees for theft. According to the US Chamber of Commerce companies in the United States lose $50 billion annually due to employee theft (Quickbackgroundchecks, 2010). Companies must create internal control procedures to deal with cash. A system that is often used to protect the cash disbursements of companies is the voucher system. â€Å"A voucher system is a network of approvals by authorized individuals acting independently to ensure that all disbursements by check are proper† (Weygandt, et. al., 2003, pg. 328). Companies in the retail business incur in a lot of cash transactions at point of sale terminals. These firms must institute internal control procedures to safeguard the cash. An algorithm that could be followed at retail store to protect its cash is illustrated below: The cashier collects the cash from the customers and gives each customer a receipt after they are paid. Every four hours a manager closes the cash register and collects the cash. A receipt is printed by the cash register to document the transaction. The manager calls a courier to come pick up the money to be deposited at the bank. The courier enters a room in which cameras record the action. A security guard protects the door of the room. The courier counts the money in front of the manager. The manager places the money in an envelope and closes the envelope. The envelope is placed in a briefcase which is later locked. The courier signs a document recognizing the amount of cash collected. The courier goes to the bank and makes a deposit. The deposit slip given to th e courier at the bank is immediate faxed by the courier to the accounting department of the company. At the end of the month the accounting department cross references the bank statements with the daily cash deposits slips made by the couriers. There are warning signs that can alert a manager of weaknesses in the internal control mechanisms of a company. A variable that can serve as a warning signs of an internal

Military Orders Essay Example for Free

Military Orders Essay The issue of following military orders from higher ranking military officials that may be unethical has been a disturbing and controversial issue over many years and decades. Many soldiers and service members in general have been put into a situation where they were given in order, knowing well that the situation isn’t right but cannot disobey. The leader giving the order in all likelihood may threaten or set out stiff punishment on to the individual who did not follow the order or hesitates to follow out on the order. It just isn’t fair that these soldiers and service members are put in these situations and get punished for doing the right thing. When this situation may be in question in a court of law because of the severity of the crime, these soldiers may get in trouble for committing the act even though they were just following orders. This is a big problem in the United States military and it’s not fair that these soldiers and service members, who sacrifice their lives for our freedom, are punished and put in this situation. Military members who fail to obey the lawful orders of their superiors risk serious consequences. Article 90 of the Uniform Code of Military Justice (UCMJ) makes it a crime for a military member to willfully  disobey a superior commissioned officer. Article 91 makes it a crime to willfully   disobey a superior Noncommissioned or Warrant Officer. Article 92 makes it a crime to disobey any lawful order (the disobedience does not have to be â€Å"willful† under this article). In fact, under Article 90, during times of war, a military member who willfully disobeys a superior commissioned officer can be sentenced to death (Powers, N/A). The articles that mentioned above clearly state that a service member cannot disobey a lawful order or they will be punished for the crime, under the article covers their punishment. The excuse of just following orders when they are lawful or not is not an excuse nor will it bold well in a military court. Following through with an unlawful order is bad if not worse than disobeying a lawful order. The individuals committing these crimes will be held accountable and will be punished to the fullest extent. In other cases, some service members have made willful decisions in which they have went AWOL from the orders they received and were supposed to report. An example is when an Army flight surgeon who is risking his career to force President Barack Obama to prove he’s a natural born citizen is under investigation by the Army after failing to report for duty in preparation for an Afghanistan deployment. Lt. Col. Terrance Lakin was ordered to report to Fort Campbell, Ky. on April 12 but instead reported to Walter Reed Army Medical Center in Washington, his former assignment (Jordan, 2010). In this situation, Lt. Col. Lakin is committing a willful crime that is illegal under the articles of UCMJ and is only doing this because of his beliefs. His beliefs that President Barrack Obama needs to prove he is a natural born citizen of the United States. Just reading this article, it provides me with this question: Is it really worth getting in trouble and potentially giving up on a well decorated, stable career for just not showing up to your assigned place of duty just for some proof. President Obama was put into office for a reason and like any job out there was checked up upon and is very much qualified for the position. I think this is a bad decision by Lt. Col. Lakin. Giving up so much for this purpose is just plain ridiculous to me. There are also times where groups of soldiers disobey orders set out for them only because they feel for their lives. Maybe, they experienced something before they lead them to disobey the order. In 2004, Jeremy Hudson of the Clarion-Ledger in Jackson, Miss. , the reporter who broke the story about a military unit in Iraq refusing to go on a dangerous mission. The U. S. military unit in Iraq reportedly refused an order to join what the soldiers called a suicide mission to deliver fuel from their base near Nasiriyah to another base near Taji further north. The soldiers were reservists in a Quartermaster Company. They were supposed to deliver fuel. And they had had some concerns previously about delivering the fuel because of, as they termed it, ill-equipped vehicles mainly lacking the proper armor, and even maintenance problems with the vehicles. They had expressed this, from what I have been told, to their commanders, and basically it fell on deaf ears. They got together and talked to their commanders, from what Im told was for some time, and basically got nowhere. So they decided together to not go (Hudson, 2004). In an article in the Lancet (The Lancet, 2011), a survey was conducted 7 to months into a 15 month, intensity combat deployment in Iraq, between December 11, 2007 and January 30, 2008. An infantry brigade combat team soldiers were picked randomly based upon their company and last four digits of each of these soldiers social security number. The following is an a piece of the article explaining the methods conducted to produce this survey. These soldiers were then invited to complete an anonymous survey 3 months after completion of the training. Reports of unethical behavior and attitudes in this sample were compared with a randomly selected pre-training sample from the same brigade. The response patterns for ethical behavior and reporting of ethical violations were analyzed with chi-square analyses. We developed two logistic regression models using self-reported unethical behaviors as dependent variables. Factors associated with unethical conduct, including combat experiences and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), were assessed with validated scales (The Lancet, 2011). 500 random soldiers were selected to take the survey and 421 agreed to do the anonymous post training survey. 97 soldiers completed the pre-training survey. The following is the results of the surveys that these soldiers took. Training was associated with significantly lower rates of unethical conduct of soldiers and greater willingness to report and address misconduct than in those before training. For example, reports of unnecessary damage or destruction of private property decreased from 13 ·6% (54 of 397) before training to 5 ·0% (21 of 421) after training (percent difference ? 63 ·2%), and willingness to report a unit member for mistreatment of a non-combatant increased from 36 ·0% (143 of 397) to 58 ·9% (248 of 421). Nearly all participants (410 [97%]) reported that training made it clear how to respond towards non-combatants. Combat frequency and intensity was the strongest predictor of unethical behavior; PTSD was not a significant predictor of unethical behavior after controlling for combat experiences (The Lancet, 2011). With the results of this survey I have come to the conclusion that training is the key to educate these soldiers on how to handle combat situations. The percentage increased in every topic discussed and it proves the fact that training is the absolute way to help these soldiers learn and understand the rules and regulations. What is lawful and what is not. Also, the soldier rights to disobey an order that is not lawful. There are other unethical matters that deal with the military and orders that are ordered to take place. The issue of a soldier that is wounded/injured in a warzone or a military environment and is taken to a medical facility receives but the soldier makes the decision to refuse the medical attention. What rights does the soldier if any have? Does this soldier have the right to make this decision? By not receiving the medical attention, he or she can affect their own livelihood and also others around them by refusing to get help. In an article by Janet Kelly, of the University of Hull, UK, she presents a few scenarios on about this topic and what happens when a soldier does deny medical treatment. The following paragraph is in the article and shows one of these scenarios. With the examples I provided, I have learned that the United States military strictly punishes its service member with the crimes they commit by going by their governing document of the UCMJ. Following military orders is a strictly enforced. There isn’t any room for error when an order is given unless it is an unlawful order and can be challenged by the service member towards the superior official.

Father-Daughter Relationship in the Film, William Faulkner: A Life on Paper :: Movie Film Essays

Father-Daughter Relationship in the Film, William Faulkner: A Life on Paper While the relationship between fathers and sons has been documented at length, the father/ daughter dynamic figures less prominently in literary tropes; in fact the last canonical piece I can recall reading was Euripedes’ Electra in high school. The tenuous relationship between Daddy and his little girl, however, harbors depths more personal and tangible than Greek tragedy and psychological analyses invoking the Electra complex. The emotionally void or aloof father in particular often burdens the female psyche, for his absence proves just as palpable as his sought after presence, shaping the landscape of a daughter’s future relationships and the construction of a self-image fragmented and disjointed by an early and intimate knowledge of rejection and abandonment. Transcending characterizations attached primarily to filial duty as experienced by the matriarch, the father figure remains the subject of mythologization, just as Sylvia Plath turned her father into a Colossus , a cold, inanimate stone edifice revealing none of his secrets or affection. If the absent or emotionally unavailable father takes on shades of grandeur for the daughter that knew little of him, one can only imagine the impression left by the father figure whose imagined significance in the eyes of his child is only matched by the reality of his fame. William Faulkner, A Life on Paper conveys an image of the literary colossus that both perpetuates the persona of the great American writer and deflates it. Representing the author as a fallible man who endows the world with a narrative legacy while leaving his own daughter little more than a few candid glimpses into his character, the film relays the commentary of Faulkner’s daughter as she attempts to piece together a sketch of an apathetic, mercurial, and brilliant father. Jill Faulkner Summers pulls from her memory pictures of her father as â€Å"extremely courtly and elegant† but lacking a depth and sincerity in his personal relationships: â€Å"Pappy didn’t really care about people. I think he cared about me, but I also think I could have gotten in his way and he would have walked on me.† Faulkner’s coarse words penetrated more than the page as well. After imploring â€Å"pappy† not to succumb to another drinking bout, Faulkner informs his daughter, â€Å"no one remembers Shakespeare’s child†. The film, then, relates a father/ daughter dynamic built upon emotional lack, as the father expressly negates the significance of his own child.

Discussing if Anzac Day Should be Celebrated or Mourned Essay -- essay

"We have no unknown soldier These are not forgotten men But cousins, uncles, neighbours Who will never laugh again. But they'll not be forgotten For the price they had to pay. For their children's children's children Will still march on Anzac Day No, they'll not be forgotten For the price they had to pay. For their children's children's children Will still march on Anzac Day." - Vic Macdonald 1988 Every year on the 25th of April Australia comes together to celebrate the bravery and extreme courage of those soldiers who risked and lost their lives while fighting for Australia in Gallipoli. But should it be celebrated? Should we cheer the men that returned when so many were killed and died of disease in the trenches at Gallipoli? Should we celebrate their bravery? Does this glorify war? Or should we mourn the waste of over sixty thousand brave men? Why has a day that commemorates death and defeat come to symbolise a national identity to the people of Australia? The ?modern? Anzac day does not only celebrate the Anzac?s (Australia New Zealand Army Corps) but all the wars that Australia has participated in. But why is the focus of Anzac Day on Australia?s defeat at Gallipoli while fighting someone else?s war, and not perhaps the victory at Milne Bay against the Japanese. What is it about the battle at Gallipoli that brings Australia together to commemorate? Or do they celebrate? This paper will be focussing on the texts from the play ?The One Day of The Year? by Alan Seymour. Which explores a war veteran and his son?s view of the meaning and reason of Anzac Day. The play ?The One Day of the Year? gives a very strong message about two very different views of the meaning of Anzac Day. The reader of the play is ... ... and the right to voice their opinion. Australia is a lucky country to have freedom of speech. So should Anzac day be celebrated? Commemorated? Or Mourned? It is all about opinion, just like Alf and Hughie settled there differences by agreeing to disagree. Australia should allow that freedom of opinion and speech. In summary if you personally believe that Anzac should be celebrated you should be free to do so. Likewise if you believe that the deaths and carnage that occurred at Gallipoli should be mourned and not celebrated. However whether you choose to celebrate or mourn, remember the sacrifice of the brave soldiers who fought and died in the name of Australia. They shall grow not old....as we that are left grow old Age shall not weary them, nor the years contemn At the going down of the sun, and in the morning, we will remember them - Laurence Binyon

Clinical Governance

Principles of clinical governance:Working in a critical care department with a 150-bed capacity was challenging for me as aclinical nursing manager. One of the struggles was controlling the infection rate in thedepartment it is need to be minting and working to reduce the high rate so is not easy toachieve. For example, the report for one of the infraction control indicators showed that therate of central line-associated bloodstream infection (CLABSI) was high. Clinical governance plays an important role in improving healthcare systems by enhancing and maintaining the continuity of the healthcare provided, creating an evidence-based framework for managing the healthcare provider, refining professional performance by providing scientific resources, and minimising the risk to the patient. It is also important to guarantee patient satisfaction (Kapur, 2009).Working with the clinical governance department lead to the idea for reducing the high rate of CLABSI by using bundles to monitor staff members during insertion of the central line and to make sure that is the blood instruction with the clean producer. The care bundles are providing the evidence based interventions by collecting the interventions in one protocol, that will help to get an excellent outcome (Fulbrook & Mooney, 2003). The result of implementing bundles was excellent, and the rate of CLABSI went down by 50% in the first month, and within three months the rate had dropped by more than 80%. Staff role in ensuring quality and safety:the quality of the nurses' work and safety of patients is essential toproviding excellent care to patients. nurses are the major part of health care providers andit is essential that they take care of preventing medical errors and maintain patient safety. The clinical manager has the role to ensure that bundles were properly implemented and supervised by using one staff member in each shift to check the bundles to verify that all of the health care providers were committed to the bundles instructions. This helped to ensure consistency in the quality of care provided to the patients.(Barbara et al., 2014) Empowering consumers:empowering nurses to take a more active role in their healthcare experience canlead to providing better healthcare. I believe that requiring continuing education allows thenurses to improve their expertise. Furthermore, having nurses share their knowledge isimportant because it helps them to become role models. Nurses must belief in their value andmake sure they apply what they belief in realty to provide better care for patients. Also,creating a positive communication environment is crucial to improving the relationshipbetween patients and nurses, which is reflected in the healthcare outcome. Improving thepersonal – central can have a significant impact on delivering excellent healthcare.The prerequisites for a professional nurse focus on the nurse's attributes and include beingprofessionally competent, having developed interpersonal skills, being committed to the job,being able to demonstrate clarity of beliefs and values, and knowing oneself (Tanya V.McCance, 2006). The empowerment is most successful when it is internal, ratherthan external. Therefore, nursing students must be taught how to empower themselves a supported. Empowering nurses can lead to promote health care and that will reflect in patient health.

Aging and Disability Worksheet Essay

Part I Identify 2 or 3 issues faced by the aging population. 1.Employment discrimination 2. Poverty 3. Inadequate care Answer the following questions in 100 to 200 words each. Provide citations for all the sources you use. †¢What is ageism? How does ageism influence the presence of diversity in society? According to Schaefer (2012), ageism is a term which refers to prejudice and discrimination against the elderly. â€Å"Ageism reflects a deep uneasiness among young and middle-aged people about growing old† (Schaefer, 2012, p. 395). Our society looks to youthfulness as successfulness; therefore, the elderly threaten those who want to be young and successful; thus influencing diversity in society. The elderly are seen as unessential, unneeded, and a constant reminder we one day will be old as well. So we shy away from associating with the elderly; so we do not have a constant reminder of our own ageing and immortality. Reference: Schaefer, R. T. (2012). Racial and ethnic groups (13th ed.). Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson Prentice Hall. †¢What is the Age Discriminitation in Employment Act (ADEA)? How does the ADEA address issues for the aging population? â€Å"The federal Age Discrimination in Employment Act (ADEA) which went into effect in 1968, was passed to protect workers 40 years of age or older from being fired because of their age and replaced with younger workers who  presumably would receive lower salaries† (Schaefer, 2012, p. 396). The ADEA provides a resource when there are suspicions of age discrimination in the workplace when it comes to hiring or not promoting or training ageing workers. Reference: Schaefer, R. T. (2012). Racial and ethnic groups (13th ed.). Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson Prentice Hall. †¢What is being done to address the issues you identified? Many companies have been taken to court and charged with violating the ADEA. â€Å"According to the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission, between 1999 and 2004, complaints of age discrimination rose more than 41 percent† (Schaefer, 2012, p. 396). Some studies suggest older workers are more of an asset to their employers, are absent less often and are more effective salespeople than their younger co-workers; therefore, diminishing the stereotype of the older employee is a less valuable employee. Reference: Schaefer, R. T. (2012). Racial and ethnic groups (13th ed.). Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson Prentice Hall. †¢Is the number of aging population expected to rise in numbers or decrease? The aging population is expected to increase significantly will into the twenty-first century. With the decline in mortality rates and the baby boomer generation aging the â€Å"proportion over age 65 increases from less than on in 10 in 1960 to almost one in four by 2050† (Schaefer, 2012, p. 395) Reference: Schaefer, R. T. (2012). Racial and ethnic groups (13th ed.). Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson Prentice Hall. †¢What types of legislation may or may not be affected by the aging population? The ADEA is one type of legislation which has affected the aging population;  ensuring they have recourse if discriminated against in the workplace. Today the Affordable Care Act will affect the aging population; however, to what extent is still uncertain at this time. Legislation which concerns pension provisions is another area which will directly affect the ageing population. Reference: Schaefer, R. T. (2012). Racial and ethnic groups (13th ed.). Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson Prentice Hall. †¢How does poverty affect the aging population? â€Å"The aged who are most likely to experience poverty are the same people more likely to be poor earlier in their lives; female-headed households and racial and ethnic minorities. Although overall the aged are doing well economical, poverty remains a particularly difficult problem for the thousands of older adults who are impoverished annually by paying for long-term medical care† (Schaefer, 2012, p. 397). Will the Affordable Care Act ease the burden faced by the elderly who are impoverished by debilitating long-term diseases? Reference: Schaefer, R. T. (2012). Racial and ethnic groups (13th ed.). Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson Prentice Hall Part II Answer the following questions in 100 to 200 words each. Provide citations for all the sources you use. †¢What does the ADA provide for people with disabilities? The ADA â€Å"prohibits bias in employment, transportation, public accommodations, and telecommunications against people with disabilities† (Schaefer, 2012, p. 401). The ADA is considered the most sweeping antidiscrimination legislation since the Civil Rights Act of 1964; thus, ensuring people with disabilities are no longer discriminated against. Reference: Schaefer, R. T. (2012). Racial and ethnic groups (13th ed.). Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson Prentice Hall †¢How have people with disabilities been treated in the past? People with disabilities have been discriminated against in the past, unable to easily use public transportation, unable to easily enter public buildings, and basically treated as second class citizens. The Americans with Disabilities Act was enacted to level the playing field so to speak. Making the once inaccessible areas or participating life activities easier for them to maneuver. Reference: Schaefer, R. T. (2012). Racial and ethnic groups (13th ed.). Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson Prentice Hall †¢How has the attitude toward people with disabilities changed over time? Attitudes towards people with disabilities have changes significantly over time. Those who were once shipped off to intuitions are now productive members of society. Many groups across the United States sprang up utilizing this demographic in meaningful employment positions. In my community we have a group who work with the disabled from collecting sensitive materials for shredding, managing thrift shops, to years ago sewing the scarfs Elvis Presley used while preforming. Today the opportunities for those with disabilities have come a long way; however, the fight is not over, there is still more work to be done to ensure equality for all. Reference: Schaefer, R. T. (2012). Racial and ethnic groups (13th ed.). Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson Prentice Hall †¢What are some unique circumstances or issues encountered by people with disabilities? There are numerous circumstances or issues encountered by people with disabilities daily. The sheer task of accomplishing anything seems  insurmountable. Those with physical disabilities must depend on the help of others to simply exist let alone pursue a meaningful life. Public transportation can be difficult; sidewalks were not always wheelchair friendly, handicapped parking was non-existent which makes it extremely difficult to live. What about the being looked at as abnormal, those with disabilities must endure tremendous amounts of awkward moments daily from those who are not disabled. †¢What is being done to address those issues? The ADA has brought awareness to the plight of those with both mental and physical disabilities by ensuring there is no discrimination against this group. However I believe awareness is another step to address the prejudice and discrimination against people with disabilities. We must be able to look past a person’s disabilities to see the true person they are, and not label them for their disability. †¢What types of legislation have been introduced to address issues faced by people with disabilities? The American’s with Disabilities Act is the most notable legislation address issues faced by people with disabilities. What type of legislation will the future hold? I believe the ADA has address all the concerns for this demographic; however, in the future there may be some revisions to the interpretation of the legislation ensuring everyone with disabilities is serviced fully.

Us Iran Relations

US-Iran Relations Acknowledgements I would like to thank my teacher, Ms. Mashal Shabbir. The supervision and support that she gave truly helped me in this project. Her cooperation is thus appreciated. Abstract This report explains the US-Iran relationships, how they changed over the period of time and what the main reasons for that change were. I tried to analyze these reasons according to the International Relations theories as well as my own opinion. The report includes the information mainly from 1940 to date. Discussion In the last days before the culmination of Iranian revolution the electricity workers in Tehran would turn off the lights each evening and then from the rooftops came the chant â€Å"God is Great† with another chant, â€Å"death to America† however with a much contradicting tone† (Cottom, 1988). These words themselves explain the intensity which lies in the US- Iran relationships since the Iranian revolution. European intrusion in Iran has been a prolonged one with immense prominence. Trade was one of the most significant reasons.Iran’s geographical position made it the central attention for the European traders, as the land route which joined the western and eastern worlds crossed Iran. Moreover, as Cottom explains in his book that the only presence of the Europeans in Iran was â€Å"a matter of national prestige†. That is this prestige not only advanced Europeans economically but politically too. US initially was viewed as a caring western country, who was not only sincere but also advocated human rights of freedom, moreover encouraged courage, independence as well as dignity for the people of Iran.Before 1940’s it had no economic interest in Iran plus only a minute aid was granted to Iran during the event of Soviet invasion in Iran, however this minute interest which US had in Iran was not long lived. Iran, blessed with one of the most precious reserves of oil attracted the western world immensely. With increasing industrialization especially in Britain as well as America oil was becoming one of the main ingredients of their success. The British government purchased a large amount of Anglo-Persian Oil Company’s (APOC) stock during the First World War.This oil company was a predecessor of the Anglo-Iranian Oil Company (AIOC). By the time of Iranian oil crisis almost half of APOC’s stock was in the hands of Britain. Iranians on the other hand were kept away from the high ranking positions in the oil company. Moreover neither did the royalty payments satisfied the Iranian government nor did the high levels of confidentiality which prevailed in the major decision making contended them, giving birth to a situation which benefited neither of the two parties. Thus during 1951-1953 Iran strived to gain power over its oil industry which gave hype to the sense of nationalism in Iranians.The leaders in Iran provided the stance that out of the ? 250 million of profits which AIOC made in the late 1940’s their royalty payments only counted for one third of the total amount that is ? 90 million (Mary Ann Heiss). On the part of British Empire â€Å"oil† had become an evil necessity not only economically but also to sustain its political position as â€Å"a great power† in the World. Thus this nationalization not only threatened its position in the Middle East but also could have blown its largest investment abroad. Iranians on the contrary were keen to achieve independence nationally and politically.Although they were well aware of the fact that this may lead to serious economic adversity in Iran, they wanted the British dominance abolished to be treated as a sovereign nation. Therefore Prime Minister Mohammad Mossadeq stressed upon full control over Iran’s internal and financial affairs. The increasing tension between Britain and Iran and the wavering issues led the United States (US) jump in the situation. For US however the main goal was not the interests of either party that is Iran or Britain but it had its own underlying concern.Thus this can be said that this was the first time that US was seriously involved in the internal affairs of Iran, marking the beginning of their relationship. The nationalism which the Iranian governments were emphasizing upon was very closely related to communism, in a sense that it could have given rise to autocracy, which at that time was not at all acceptable to US. As this movement by the Iranians could have led to open paths for the Soviet Union to the oil fields of Middle East, America did not want to jeopardize its position along with its power. Moreover this oss of oil industry would have led to serious economic setbacks in US. In her paper, â€Å"The United States and Great Britain Navigate the Anglo-Iranian Oil crisis† the author Mary Ann Hiess explains the US-Iran relations in three phases during the oil crisis. The first phase named â€Å"benevolent neu trality† lasted almost from 1950 till the mid of 1951. The US officials acted as responsible negotiators and reconciled with the idea of nationalization as well as also recognized the rights of the contract of AIOC. Escorting to the second phase which is known as’ â€Å"Era of Anglo-American Partnership†.This phase propagated accelerating ideological and policy empathy mainly between Washington and London. The third phase however was that of US interest, that is US was somewhat getting successful in its goals, termed as the era of US domination this phase highlights Eisenhower ‘s (president of US 1953) negotiations which led to the formation of international association that replaced AIOC with the nation’s own oil industry in 1954. Now that the US domination prevailed in Iran, the American officials along with the British bureaucrats decided to overthrow Mossadeq for harming Iran’s stability.Therefore mainly Britain decided to pursue an operat ion commonly known as the Coup. However the Coup ultimately turned to operation AJAX which was organized and financed by US. According to International relations theories America in this particular situation acted quite like the classical realists. As it is obvious that the development of US interest in the whole situation is due to the fact that it was being flawed, selfish, competitive and ambitious due to its own goals, rather to solve the dispute for the betterment of Iran and Britain.The coup which occurred in august 19th 1953, basically aimed at overthrowing the government of Prime Minister Mohammad Mossadeq to remove the dictatorship from Iran and pursue democracy. Mark J. Gasiorowski in his article, â€Å"The 1953 Coup D’etat in Iran† gives the account of the takeover. While US and the British officials were already considering overthrowing mossadeq from power, the situation in Iran was not a favourable as well. Many opponents of mossadeq had already started to take actions against him. Anti-mossadeq mobs were arranged to kill him.Iran already was facing huge economic turmoil now had to face political unrest as well. Looking at the situation the new American government of Eisenhower also began to consider the operation and finally decided to organise and aid the coup along with Britain. Mossadeq already was facing hostility from the citizens of Iran therefore it made even easier for US to propagate masses against him. With the help of BEDAMN-a political action- uprising was arranged along with continued disputes. Government offices, buildings of pro-mossadeq newspapers were attacked.Air force general along with the forces attacked mossadeq’s house killing around three hundred people. The very next day mossadeq surrendered to Zahedi, marking the end of the coup. This revolution undoubtedly had a long and deep affect on the US-Iran relationships. The question which arises here is that, was America’s interest in Iran’s i nternal affairs genuine? Well America as I discussed above is a realist approach led country which ranks its own personal interest on the top. Then being sincere towards Iran itself becomes a futile question.Most of the studies highlight that the main aim US had out of this coup was to get significant share in the oil industry. Moreover this can be proven accurate to some extent by if we notice the fact that immediately after coming into power Zahedi government granted almost 40% of the total oil industry’s share to American oil companies (Gasiorowski, 1987). However a contradicting fact that most of the American oil producing countries were not interested in the share basically due to nimiety of oil in the world market- mainly in Saudi Arabia and Kuwait- proves that this might not be the sole or the most imperative reason.Another perspective of the situation is the American fear of communist takeover. At the time of coup Cold war between Soviet Union and US was at its peak a nd of course America being governing in nature would not allow soviet’s expansion to become a threat to US dominance, power and sovereignty. Although this coup proved beneficial for Iran, as it gave birth to democracy but the fact that this triumph was not experienced solely on the basis of internal struggle. In reality Iran was made a subject of constant US intervention, thus somewhat abusing its decision making ability.After the coup Mohammad Raza Pahlavi was reinstated as the Shah of Iran. Many authors state Pahlavi was long supported by the US government, although they were aware of the malpractices and the corruption which prevailed in his regime. The shah was forced to flee out of Iran when widespread unrest originated on the part of civilians and a new, more religious leader, Ayatollah Ruhollah Khomeini was granted the power. However this offense motivated the Iranian students to take revenge from the US. On November 4th 979, the Iranian students drizzled into the US e mbassy situated in Tehran and took almost 52 American officials as hostages on the demand that the shah who fled away should come back to Iran for trial of the crimes he committed against Iranians. The situation lasted for about 444 days as the US administration driven by Jimmy Carter was doomed by the failed attempts in 1980. However the hostages were released on the day Ronald Reagan was sworn as the new US president on January 20th 1981. This incident however changed the diplomatic, economic and political landscape between Iran and US for the years to come.By capturing hostages Iranians proved their anger against American’s negligence over Iranians as well as the power which they could use against US to advance their welfare. Another episode of varying US-Iran relations begun in 1986,when Iran secretly asked US for help while it was at war with Iraq. Iran requested US to sell weapons, however Reagan wanted Iran to release seven of the US hostages which Iranian terrorists h eld. This however did not remain confidential for long, instead soon people discovered this Iran-Contra.US emphasized that this was an arms for hostages deal as well as tried to stress upon the fact that it will improve US-Iran relations. This improvement in the relationships of the two countries was not long lived as in 1988 the tragic incident of Iran’s airplane shot down shrunken the trust between US and Iran. On the morning of July 3rd 1988, commercial flight operated by Iran Air took off for Tehran-Bandar Abbas-Dubai route however it was its bad luck that it never reached Dubai. At the same time another plane or more generally a Missile cruiser of US navy known as the US Vincennes would pass over this commercial flight.The US Vincennes was at the Persian Gulf during the Iraq-Iran war. Vincennes saw another airplane flying towards the Persian Gulf however it thought that it identified it as a possible Iranian F-16 issuing various warnings and civil distress frequencies wh ich of course never reaches the Iran Air. Thus after waiting for a bit the commander of Vincennes Captain Rogers ordered to fire two missiles at it. The Airbus was hit and soon it tumbled into flames killing around 290 innocent people in the flight. After the tragic incident the deterioration of the relations deepened as no severe action was taken against Captain Roger’s folly decision.Moreover it was just named a â€Å"mistake† by Pentagon. George W. Bush, vice president of US at that time declared a bold remark in Newsweek, â€Å"I will never apologize for the United States of America, ever. I don’t care what the facts are. † Thus this boldness highlights the rigidity that prevailed in American’s attitude. 1990’s a new decade, was begun with another policy implementation by the US. â€Å"dual containment† as it was known was a policy set up by Americans to isolate Iran and Iraq both economically and militarily mainly to achieve its own regional ambitions.US did not want any other countries to be in power and with the increasing influence of both Iran and Iraq; it saw its own position jeopardizing. US banned all trade, financial loans and services with Iran as it thought that the regime in Iran promoted terrorism and assassinations throughout the world. The beginning of a new millennium also marked a beginning of new tensions between the countries. US alleged Iran for expanding its nuclear activities and developing missile-related technology. It was threatening to the survival of US. Thus Iran was termed as the â€Å"axis of evil† by George W.Bush who by then was the president of US as according to them it enhanced terrorism. Ambitious in developing its nuclear base Iran continued to seek help from Russia and China despite US discontent. Throughout early 2000’s UN inspected Iran’s nuclear facilities. The reports said that there was no evidence of Iran producing atomic bomb but US considered it, â€Å"impossible to believe†. US kept on forcing Iran to suspend any of its nuclear progressions however Iran acted very firmly as proved by president Katami’s statement that its country will never give up its nuclear project and stressed its peaceful usage.The relations kept on becoming hostile, although America provided Iran with a humanitarian aid in 2003 because of the earthquake, it emphasized that this does not mark any thaw in their relationships. Throughout 2005 Iran’s nuclear program and uranium dispute remained a problem for US. For Americans it was of immense importance that Iran withdraws it activities as US secretary of state Condoleezza Rice explained , â€Å"US faces no greater challenge than Iran’s nuclear program†( BBC NEWS).However the new, more conservative president of Iran Ahmadinejad clearly stated that Iran has the right for peaceful progression of the nuclear project along with its announcement of successful enrichment of uranium. This prompted US to take strong steps against Iran. As for analysis purposes this can be considered that US and Iran were on a kind of cold war from the beginning of 2000. US major discontent was Iran’s nuclear program after all it was the prime threat to US continued existence. And for this reason US several times along with UN tried to impose sanctions over it. When nothing helped, President Bush accused Iran with Al-Qaeda.Thus stating that extremism prevailing in Iran could lead to adverse effects if nuclear program is continued. This brought huge military confrontation from Iran. Tensions prevailed as both countries accused one another either for spying or encouraging terrorism. To date the most destructive problem which prevails between the two countries is the Iran’s nuclear program. Several discussions have been held between the new presidents that is Barrack Obama and Ahmadinejad but no intelligent conclusion has been reached. This can be concluded that US interests had been objective in terms of truly helping Iran.US initially got interested in Iran due to the fact that it did not want Soviet Union to get advantage over the Iranian Oil industries. It wanted to achieve its own regional advantages over the most fertile country in the Middle East. However when Iran began to retaliate against US it posed great threat to their survival. The most significant example of this is the current tensions because of nuclear progression in Iran. Thus it can be concluded that US who undoubtedly follow the realists’ paradigm proved to be quite selfish when it came to their sovereignty.They made use of the dominance principal on several occasions as it did not want any other country to become a greater power. Iran on the other hand acted differently. It was basically on the leaders of Iran which determined its behavior towards America. Those who were pro American acted exactly as America wanted them too for example Zahedi, Pahlavi. Othe rs contradicted its policies and behaviour. They acted the way they thought was better for Iran, moreover stood strong in front of America for their rights such as Khomeini, Ahmadinejad.Thus the relations varied and contoured during different phases of US-Iran history. References about. com. (n. d. ). The Iran-Contra Affair. Retrieved from http://usforeignpolicy. about. com: http://usforeignpolicy. about. com/gi/o. htm? zi=1/XJ&zTi=1&sdn=usforeignpolicy&cdn=newsissues&tm=7117&f=11&tt=2&bt=1&bts=1&zu=http%3A//www. pbs. org/wgbh/amex/reagan/peopleevents/pande08. html Anthony Cordesman, S. F. (n. d. ). DUAL CONTAINMENT: SLOGAN OR POLICY? Bernard Gwertzman, C. E. (2012, March 6). Crisis-Managing